ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2020
Current Techniques for Investigating the Brain Extracellular Space.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoscopic Mapping of the Extracellular Space in Amyloid Plaque-rich Cortex.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Extracellular space diffusion modelling identifies distinct functional advantages of archetypical glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse geometries.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Navigating the Central Nervous System (CNS): A Pharmacokinetic Approach to the Treatment of CNS Tumors, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), in Particular.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the relationship between larmor-frequency electrical conductivity, diffusivity, and tissue volume in the aging brain.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Investigating microstructural changes between in vivo and perfused ex vivo marmoset brains using oscillating gradient and b-tensor encoded diffusion MRI at 9.4 T.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Simulating the impact of tumor mechanical forces on glymphatic networks in the brain parenchyma.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2024Article
- Strategies for enhanced gene delivery to the central nervous system.Nanoscale advances · 2024Review
- Lessons on brain edema in HE: from cellular to animal models and clinical studies.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Review
- Fluorescence microscopy shadow imaging for neuroscience.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Sheet and void porous media models for brain interstitial space.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Understanding Neuropeptide Transmission in the Brain by Optical Uncaging and Release.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2023Review
- Measurement of extracellular volume fraction using magnetic resonance-based conductivity tensor imaging.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Transport in the Brain Extracellular Space: Diffusion, but Which Kind?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The glymphatic system: Current understanding and modeling.iScience · 2022Review
- Organotypic whole hemisphere brain slice models to study the effects of donor age and oxygen-glucose-deprivation on the extracellular properties of cortical and striatal tissue.Journal of biological engineering · 2022Article
- White Matter Metabolite Relaxation and Diffusion Abnormalities in First-Episode Psychosis: A Longitudinal Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Article
- Mechanism of extracellular space changes in cryptococcal brain granuloma revealed by MRI tracer.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Ultrastructural Analysis of Neuroimplant-Parenchyma Interfaces Uncover Remarkable Neuroregeneration Along-With Barriers That Limit the Implant Electrophysiological Functions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Brain Ultrastructure: Putting the Pieces Together.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The brain extracellular space (ECS) is a continuous reticular compartment that lies between the cells of the brain. It is vast in extent relative to its resident cells, yet, at the same time the nano- to micrometer dimensions of its channels and reservoirs are commonly finer than the smallest cellular structures. Our conventional view of this compartment as largely static and of secondary importance for brain function is rapidly changing, and its active dynamic roles in signaling and metabolite clearance have come to the fore. It is further emerging that ECS microarchitecture is highly heterogeneous and dynamic and that ECS geometry and diffusional properties directly modulate local diffusional transport, down to the nanoscale around individual synapses. The ECS can therefore be considered an extremely complex and diverse compartment, where numerous physiological events are unfolding in parallel on spatial and temporal scales that span orders of magnitude, from milliseconds to hours, and from nanometers to centimeters. To further understand the physiological roles of the ECS and identify new ones, researchers can choose from a wide array of experimental techniques, which differ greatly in their applicability to a given sample and the type of data they produce. Here, we aim to provide a basic introduction to the available experimental techniques that have been applied to address the brain ECS, highlighting their main characteristics. We include current gold-standard techniques, as well as emerging cutting-edge modalities based on recent super-resolution microscopy. It is clear that each technique comes with unique strengths and limitations and that no single experimental method can unravel the unknown physiological roles of the brain ECS on its own.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.