ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2020
The simplified trachoma grading system, amended.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Predictors of trachoma among children aged 1-9 years in Ethiopia: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Community-level trachoma ecological associations and the use of geospatial analysis methods: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- A Randomised Trial of Three Face-Washing Methods for the Removal of Chlamydia trachomatis From the Faces of Children With Severe Active Trachoma.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Trial
- Effect of Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distributions to Preschool-Aged Children on Trachoma Prevalence in Niger: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Impact of two rounds of azithromycin mass drug administration on active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Naoero.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Discrepancy Between Active Trachoma and Tests of Chlamydial Infection in Alto Amazonas, Peru.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Ocular community state types reveal distinct microbial compositions among microbiomes with implications for trachoma control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- National progress towards the elimination of trachomatous inflammation-follicular: analysis of 11 regions in Ethiopia.International health · 2026Article
- Trachoma prevalence surveys in 15 indigenous and non-indigenous evaluation units in Brazil, 2018-2023.International health · 2026Observational
- Determinants for refusing trachomatous trichiasis surgery among trachomatous trichiasis patients in Tembaro District, central Ethiopia; case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Monitoring of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and antibodies in low-prevalence districts of Amhara, Ethiopia: Insights from a hyper-endemic trachoma region.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associations of trachoma before interventions in six departments of the Colombian Amazon and Orinoquía.PloS one · 2026Article
- Impact of evidence-based programmatic adaptations in addressing the persistence and recrudescence of trachoma in Kajiado County, Kenya.International health · 2025Article
- Assessing trachoma elimination progress in districts with persistent trachoma, Western Province, Zambia.International health · 2025Article
- Surveys to substantiate elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.International health · 2025Article
- Data Resource Profile: Global Trachoma Serology Data Repository.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- The prevalence of trachoma, ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and anti-Pgp3 antibodies in Choiseul Province, Solomon Islands.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of adding measurement of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and serology to trachoma prevalence surveys in Tanzania and Mozambique.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A simplified grading system for trachoma was published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1987. Intended for use by non-specialist personnel working at community level, the system includes five signs, each of which can be present or absent in any eye: (i) trachomatous trichiasis; (ii) corneal opacity; (iii) trachomatous inflammation-follicular; (iv) trachomatous inflammation-intense; and (v) trachomatous scarring. Though neither perfectly sensitive nor perfectly specific for trachoma, these signs have been essential tools for identifying populations that need interventions to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem. In 2018, at WHO's 4th global scientific meeting on trachoma, the definition of one of the signs, trachomatous trichiasis, was amended to exclude trichiasis that affects only the lower eyelid. This paper presents the amended system, updates its presentation, offers notes on its use and identifies areas of ongoing debate.
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