Observational studyNeurology2021
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes 1 and 5 Years Post-Injury Following Combat Concussion.
Observational study in Neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Postdeployment Clinical Subtypes of Risk and Resiliency in Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Assessment of Selective Motor Dysfunction in Service Members With Combat-Related Mild TBI.Military medicine · 2025Article
- Concussion and the Autonomic, Immune, and Endocrine Systems: An Introduction to the Field and a Treatment Framework for Persisting Symptoms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Blast-Overpressure Induced Modulation of PARP-SIRT-NRF2 Axis in Stress Signaling of Astrocytes and Microglia.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- TBI history and psychological symptom improvements following exercise therapies among U.S. service members.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Fostering experiential learning of neurocognitive skills in brain injury tele-rehabilitation: bridging gaps in remote training by integrating scenario-based digital experiences with coaching.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Combat Deployed Service Members by Blast TBI and Service Separation Status 5-years Post-deployment: Comparison of Cognitive, Neurobehavioral, and Psychological Profiles of Those Who Left vs. Those Still Serving.Military medicine · 2024Observational
- Traumatic brain injury and occupational risk of low-level blast exposure on adverse career outcomes: an examination of administrative and medical separations from Service (2005-2015).Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Chronic frontal neurobehavioural symptoms in combat-deployed military personnel with and without a history of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury.Brain injury · 2023Observational
- Long-Term Effects of Repeated Blast Exposure in United States Special Operations Forces Personnel: A Pilot Study Protocol.Journal of neurotrauma · 2022Article
- Advanced brain age in deployment-related traumatic brain injury: A LIMBIC-CENC neuroimaging study.Brain injury · 2022Article
- Global Disability Trajectories Over the First Decade Following Combat Concussion.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare 1-year and 5-year clinical outcomes in 2 groups of combat-deployed service members without brain injury to those of 2 groups with combat-related concussion to better understand long-term clinical outcome trajectories.
methodsThis prospective, observational, longitudinal multicohort study examined 4 combat-deployed groups: controls without head injury with or without blast exposure and patients with combat concussion arising from blast or blunt trauma. One-year and 5-year clinical evaluations included identical batteries for neurobehavioral, psychiatric, and cognitive outcomes. A total of 347 participants completed both time points of evaluation. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were assessed. Overall group effect was modeled as a 4-category variable with rank regression adjusting for demographic factors using a 2-sided significance threshold of 0.05, with post hoc Tukey
resultsSignificant group differences in both combat concussion groups were identified cross-sectionally at 5-year follow-up compared to controls in neurobehavioral (Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised [NRS]; Cohen
conclusionsThere was an evolution, not resolution, of symptoms from 1- to 5-year evaluation, challenging the assumption that chronic stages of concussive injury are relatively stable. Even some of the combat-deployed controls worsened. The evidence supports new considerations for chronic trajectories of concussion outcome in combat-deployed service members.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.