ArticleJournal of virology2021
Novel Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus 1 VC2 Promotes Long-Lasting, Systemic Anti-melanoma Tumor Immune Responses and Increased Survival in an Immunocompetent B16F10-Derived Mouse Melanoma Model.
Article in Journal of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Viral warriors: Unlocking the immune system's potential with oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Review
- Oncolytic HSV-1 expressing GM-CSF and IL-12 enhances anti-tumor efficacy in immunocompetent murine melanoma model.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Viral warfare: unleashing engineered oncolytic viruses to outsmart cancer's defenses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Testing Oncolytic Myxoma Virus in Immunocompetent Mouse Model for Cancer Therapy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- An updated review of HSV-1 infection-associated diseases and treatment, vaccine development, and vector therapy application.Virulence · 2024Review
- Enhanced Anti-Tumor Response Elicited by a Novel Oncolytic Pseudorabies Virus Engineered with a PD-L1 Inhibitor.Viruses · 2024Article
- Targeting Cancers with oHSV-Based Oncolytic Viral Immunotherapy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Recent advances of engineered oncolytic viruses-based combination therapy for liver cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Immunotherapies inducing immunogenic cell death in cancer: insight of the innate immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) vaccine strain VC2 causes intratumor infiltration of functionally active T cells and inhibition of tumor metastasis and pro-tumor genes VEGF and PDL1 expression in the 4T1/Balb/c mouse model of stage four breast cancer.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Beyond Immunotherapy: Seizing the Momentum of Oncolytic Viruses in the Ideal Platform of Skin Cancers.Cancers · 2022Review
- Article
- Utility of a Recombinant HSV-1 Vaccine Vector for Personalized Cancer Vaccines.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Comprehensive assessment on the applications of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Serendipitous synergism - an exceptional response to treatment with pembrolizumab in the course of a natural immunovirotherapy: a case report and review of the literature.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2022Article
- The Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus-Type-1 (HSV-1) Oncolytic Immunotherapy on the Tumor Microenvironment.Viruses · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is now understood to be an immunotherapy that uses viral infection to liberate tumor antigens in an immunogenic context to promote the development of antitumor immune responses. The only currently FDA-approved oncolytic virotherapy, T-Vec, is a modified type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). While T-Vec is associated with limited response rates, its modest efficacy supports the continued development of novel OVT viruses. Herein, we test the efficacy of a recombinant HSV-1, VC2, as an OVT in a syngeneic B16F10-derived mouse model of melanoma. VC2 possesses mutations that block its ability to enter neurons via axonal termini. This greatly enhances its safety profile by precluding the ability of the virus to establish latent infection. VC2 has been shown to be a safe, effective vaccine against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection in mice, guinea pigs, and nonhuman primates. We found that VC2 slows tumor growth rates and that VC2 treatment significantly enhances survival of tumor-engrafted, VC2-treated mice over control treatments. VC2-treated mice that survived initial tumor engraftment were resistant to a second engraftment as well as colonization of lungs by intravenous introduction of tumor cells. We found that VC2 treatment induced substantial increases in intratumoral T cells and a decrease in immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. This immunity was critically dependent on CD8
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