ReviewClinical cardiology2020
COVID-19, thromboembolic risk, and Virchow's triad: Lesson from the past.
Review in Clinical cardiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Direct Relationship Between 'Blood Stasis' and Fibrinaloid Microclots in Chronic, Inflammatory, and Vascular Diseases, and Some Traditional Natural Products Approaches to Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Infection Induced by SARS-CoV-2.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombosis, and vaccination in the COVID-19 pandemic.Rheumatology international · 2024Review
- Fibrinaloid Microclots and Atrial Fibrillation.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Thrombosis of the vasa vasorum of the large and medium size pulmonary artery and vein leads to pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-19.Autopsy & case reports · 2024Article
- Impact of High Troponin Level on the Outcome in COVID-19 Positive Patients.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Cellular Factors Influencing Red Blood Cell Aggregation Examined in Dextran: Possible Causes and Consequences.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Thromboembolic Events, Including Venous Thromboembolism and Arterial Thrombosis, in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.The journal of Tehran Heart Center · 2023Review
- The Heart Is at Risk: Understanding Stroke-Heart-Brain Interactions with Focus on Neurogenic Stress Cardiomyopathy-A Review.Journal of stroke · 2023Review
- Circulating cell clusters aggravate the hemorheological abnormalities in COVID-19.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- The effect of SARS-Co-V2 infection on prothrombotic and anticoagulant factors in dialysis patients.Artificial organs · 2022Article
- A rare case of atrial and biventricular thrombi with dilated cardiomyopathy as a delayed presentation in a patient with COVID-19.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and thrombosis: The role of hemodynamics.Thrombosis research · 2022Review
- Intracardiac Thrombus in Coronavirus Disease-2019.Cureus · 2022Article
- Venous and arterial cerebral thrombosis: a COVID-19 dual pathology and single possible etiology-a case report.The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Pro-thrombotic Immune Thrombocytopenia (VIPIT): State of the Art.Current cardiology reviews · 2022Article
- The Role of Biomarkers in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients With Systemic Manifestations.Biomarker insights · 2022Review
- Post-COVID syndrome: pulmonary complicationsTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2021Review
- COVID-19 and Venous Thromboembolism: From Pathological Mechanisms to Clinical Management.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- BPC 157 as Potential Treatment for COVID-19.Medical hypotheses · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COronavirus Infectious Disease which started in 2019 (COVID-19) usually presents with the signs and symptoms of pneumonia. However, a growing number of recent reports highlight the fact that the infection may be by far more than only a respiratory disease. There is evidence of an increased thromboembolic risk in COVID-19 patients, with a variety of manifestations in terms of ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, acute pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, systemic arterial embolism, and placental thrombosis. The German physician Rudolph Virchow, about two centuries ago, described three pivotal factors contributing together to thromboembolic risk: endothelial injury, hypercoagulability, and blood stasis. COVID-19-associated hypercoagulability is unique and distinctive, and has its own features involving the immune system. Many of the drugs proposed and currently undergoing evaluation for the treatment of COVID-19 have one or more of the Virchow's triad elements as a target. The three factors outlined by Virchow are still able to explain the venous and arterial hypercoagulable state in the dramatic COVID-19 setting. Nowadays, we have decidedly more sophisticated diagnostic tools than Virchow had, but many of the challenges that we are facing are the same as Virchow faced in the 19th century.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.