ArticlePloS one2020
High CSF thrombin concentration and activity is associated with an unfavorable outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Eupatilin mitigates ICH-induced brain injury via SOX2/SLC7A11 regulation of ferroptosis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Thrombin cleaves membrane-bound endoglin potentially contributing to the heterogeneity of circulating endoglin in preeclampsia.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Microglial Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Brain Injury Post-Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- The role of potential oxidative biomarkers in the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and the exploration antioxidants as possible preventive and treatment options.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- One immune cell to bind them all: platelet contribution to neurodegenerative disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuroinflammation and coagulation in severe cerebral edema and chronic hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective study.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Combination of Conventional EVD and Ommaya Drainage for Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH).Clinical interventions in aging · 2024Article
- Hydrocephalus is an independent factor affecting morbidity and mortality of ICH patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.World neurosurgery: X · 2023Review
- Extracellular protein homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Neurosurgical emergency management during the lockdown period in health care regions in Spain with different COVID-19 impact: lessons learned to improve outcomes on the future waves.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of neuroinflammation in hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage: a review.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Review
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11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe cerebral thrombin system is activated in the early stage after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Expression of thrombin leads to concentration dependent secondary neuronal damage and detrimental neurological outcome. In this study we aimed to investigate the impact of thrombin concentration and activity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with ICH on clinical outcome.
methodsPatients presenting with space-occupying lobar supratentorial hemorrhage requiring extra-ventricular drainage (EVD) were included in our study. The CSF levels of thrombin, its precursor prothrombin and the Thrombin-Antithrombin complex (TAT) were measured using enzyme linked immune sorbent assays (ELISA). The oxidative stress marker Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was assessed in CSF. Initial clot size and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) volume was calculated based on by computerized tomography (CT) upon admission to our hospital. Demographic data, clinical status at admission and neurological outcome were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6-weeks and 6-month after ICH.
resultsTwenty-two consecutive patients (9 females, 11 males) with supratentorial hemorrhage were included in this study. CSF concentrations of prothrombin (p < 0.005), thrombin (p = 0.005) and TAT (p = 0.046) were statistical significantly different in patients with ICH compared to non-hemorrhagic CSF samples. CSF concentrations of thrombin 24h after ICH correlated with the mRS index after 6 weeks (r2 = 0.73; < 0.005) and 6 months (r2 = 0.63; < 0.005) after discharge from hospital. Thrombin activity, measured via TAT as surrogate parameter of coagulation, likewise correlated with the mRS at 6 weeks (r2 = 0.54; < 0.01) and 6 months (r2 = 0.66; < 0.04). High thrombin concentrations coincide with higher SOD levels 24h after ICH (p = 0.01).
conclusionIn this study we found that initial thrombin concentration and activity in CSF of ICH patients did not correlate with ICH and IVH volume but are associated with a poorer functional neurological outcome. These findings support mounting evidence of the role of thrombin as a contributor to secondary injury formation after ICH.
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