Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33175329›Full record

ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2021

Contralateral Effects of Unilateral Strength and Skill Training: Modified Delphi Consensus to Establish Key Aspects of Cross-Education.

A Manca, T Hortobágyi, T J Carroll, R M Enoka, J P Farthing, S C Gandevia, D J Kidgell, J L Taylor, F Deriu

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readConsensus Statement
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05440890 (Early Treatment Based Neuroscience Education in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05440890 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Early Treatment Based Neuroscience Education in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of MalagaRan2025 to 2026Enrolled29ConditionsAnterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture, Anterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesArmsBest current rehabilitation protocol, Cross-training protocol
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Cross education is modulated by set configuration in knee extension exercise.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.

A MancaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
T HortobágyiCenter for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
T J CarrollCentre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
R M EnokaDepartment of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.
J P FarthingUniversity of Saskatchewan College of Kinesiology, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
S C GandeviaNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
D J KidgellDepartment of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
J L TaylorSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Edit Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
F DeriuDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy. deriuf@uniss.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-6091
University of Sassari · ITEdith Cowan University · AUMonash University · AUThe University of Queensland · AUUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLUniversity of Colorado Boulder · USUniversity of Saskatchewan · CAUNSW Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCross-education refers to increased motor output (i.e., force generation, skill) of the opposite, untrained limb following a period of unilateral exercise training. Despite extensive research, several aspects of the transfer phenomenon remain controversial.

methodsA modified two-round Delphi online survey was conducted among international experts to reach consensus on terminology, methodology, mechanisms of action, and translational potential of cross-education, and to provide a framework for future research.

resultsThrough purposive sampling of the literature, we identified 56 noted experts in the field, of whom 32 completed the survey, and reached consensus (75% threshold) on 17 out of 27 items.

conclusionOur consensus-based recommendations for future studies are that (1) the term 'cross-education' should be adopted to refer to the transfer phenomenon, also specifying if transfer of strength or skill is meant; (2) functional magnetic resonance imaging, short-interval intracortical inhibition and interhemispheric inhibition appear to be promising tools to study the mechanisms of transfer; (3) strategies which maximize cross-education, such as high-intensity training, eccentric contractions, and mirror illusion, seem worth being included in the intervention plan; (4) study protocols should be designed to include at least 13-18 sessions or 4-6 weeks to produce functionally meaningful transfer of strength, and (5) cross-education could be considered as an adjuvant treatment particularly for unilateral orthopedic conditions and sports injuries. Additionally, a clear gap in views emerged between the research field and the purely clinical field. The present consensus statement clarifies relevant aspects of cross-education including neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, and methodological characteristics of the transfer phenomenon, and provides guidance on how to improve the quality and usability of future cross-education studies.

Indexed as

Athletic InjuriesExerciseConsensusHumans

Identifiers

PMID33175329
PMCPMC7806569
OpenAlexW3100637417

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.