SynthesisCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2021
The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Recommendations for the Use of Racemic Ketamine in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Recommandations Du Groupe De Travail Du Réseau Canadien Pour Les Traitements De L'humeur Et De L'anxiété (Canmat) Concernant L'utilisation De La Kétamine Racémique Chez Les Adultes Souffrant De Trouble Dépressif Majeur.
Synthesis in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2024Guideline
- The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Report: Serotonergic Psychedelic Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Pooled it
- Prescribing behavior of antidepressants for depressive disorders: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Does the intensity of dissociation predict antidepressant effects 24 hours after infusion of racemic ketamine or esketamine in treatment-resistant depression? A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy · 2025Trial
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels following ketamine and esketamine intervention for treatment-resistant depression: secondary analysis from a randomized trial.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy · 2023Trial
- Treatment-resistant Depression in the Post-ketamine Era: Unmet Needs beyond Rapid Response.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Bifunctional Modulation of NMDA and Opioid Receptors in Ketamine Reinforcement and Misuse: Implications for Substance Use Disorder Treatment.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- A scoping review: ketamine or esketamine when used to assist psychotherapy or in combination with psychotherapy for the management of depression in adults.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- At-Home Telehealth-Supported Subcutaneous Ketamine Therapy for Safety, Feasibility, and Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Moderate to Severe Depression, Anxiety, or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large, Heterogeneous Cohort in the United States: Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- A retrospective report of a ketamine-augmented, transdiagnostic psychiatric outpatient psychotherapy program.Journal of military, veteran and family health · 2026Article
- Transforming treatment-resistant depression (TRD) care in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: a narrative review of emerging therapies, advancements, and implementation barriers.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Review
- Physical Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Evidence Grading.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Clinical practice guideline for assessment and management of depression in India.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Safety considerations and risk mitigation strategies for ketamine use: a comprehensive review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Trends and characteristics in ketamine use among US adults with and without depression, 2015-2022.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Ketamine for mental health - A naturalistic inventory of prescribing practices, safety, and adverse effects.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Abuse liability for esketamine in a cohort of patients undergoing an acute treatment course to manage treatment-resistant depression: a secondary analysis of an observational study in real-world clinical practicee.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2025Article
- Non-improvement predicts subsequent non-response to repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for depression: a re-analysis of a 2-week open-label study in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy Provides Lasting and Effective Results in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder at 3 and 6 Months: Findings from a Large Retrospective Effectiveness Study.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
20 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePatients with major depressive disorder often have limited response to first-line and second-line medications; hence, novel pharmacological treatments are needed for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine, an
methodsA systematic review was conducted with computerized search of electronic databases up to January 31, 2020 using combinations of search terms, inspection of bibliographies, and review of other ketamine guidelines and consensus statements. The level of evidence and lines of treatment were assigned according to CANMAT criteria. Recommendations were given in question-answer format.
resultsIntravenous (IV) racemic ketamine given as a single infusion has Level 1 evidence for efficacy in adults with TRD. The evidence for multiple infusions, given as an acute series or as ongoing maintenance treatment, is limited to Level 3. Adverse events associated with ketamine infusions include behavioral (e.g., dissociative symptoms) and physiological (e.g., hypertension) events. There is only Level 3 or 4 evidence for non-IV formulations of racemic ketamine. Consensus recommendations are given for clinical administration of IV ketamine including patient selection, facility and personnel issues, monitoring, and maintaining response.
conclusionsSingle-dose IV racemic ketamine is a third-line recommendation for adults with TRD. The need for repeated and maintenance ketamine infusions should be carefully assessed on a case-by-case basis with consideration of potential risks and benefits. Because of limited evidence for efficacy and risk for misuse and diversion, the use of oral and other formulations of racemic ketamine should be limited to specialists with ketamine-prescribing expertise and affiliations with tertiary or specialized centers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.