ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2020
Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery: Current Applications, Future Directions, and Ethical Implications.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Diagnostic Accuracy of AI in Prediction and Assessment of Compromised Free Flaps: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Technological Integration in Aesthetic Practice: A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality and Robotics in Cosmetic Procedures.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Comprehensive overview of artificial intelligence in surgery: a systematic review and perspectives.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: A Qualitative Systematic Review.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Present and future of machine learning in breast surgery: systematic review.The British journal of surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Bibliometric Study of the 50 Most-cited Articles.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Review
- Identifying Venous Insufficiency in Head and Neck Reconstruction Flaps Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods.Head & neck · 2026Article
- Preventing GLP-1-Associated Facial Aging: An Anatomy-Driven Risk Stratification Model and Prevention Algorithm in the "Ozempic Face" Era.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Large language model applications in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery: a systematic review of applications, performance, and ethical considerations.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Review
- A Comparative Study on the Use of DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT-4.5 in Different Aspects of Plastic Surgery.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- A remote monitoring system based on deep learning for real-time assessment of free flaps.PloS one · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Breast Reconstruction: Enhancing Surgical Planning, Aesthetic Outcomes, and Patient-Centered Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the Use of Robotics in Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery: A Comprehensive Perspective.Cureus · 2025Review
- Machine learning approaches overcome imbalanced clinical data for intraoral free flap monitoring.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery for clinical outcome prediction: current perspective and future direction.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Review
- The Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Challenges and Opportunities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery: Analysis of Applications, Perspectives, and Psychological Impact.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Smartphone Photography in Plastic Surgery: Advancements, Ethics, and Best Practices.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Article
- FaceFinder: A machine learning tool for identification of facial images from heterogenous datasets.AJO international · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare delivery has become an important area of research due to the rapid progression of technology, which has allowed the growth of many processes historically reliant upon human input. AI has become particularly important in plastic surgery in a variety of settings. This article highlights current applications of AI in plastic surgery and discusses future implications. We further detail ethical issues that may arise in the implementation of AI in plastic surgery.
methodsWe conducted a systematic literature review of all electronically available publications in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases as of February 5, 2020. All returned publications regarding the application of AI in plastic surgery were considered for inclusion.
resultsOf the 89 novel articles returned, 14 satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles procured from the references of those of the database search and those pertaining to historical and ethical implications were summarized when relevant.
conclusionsNumerous applications of AI exist in plastic surgery. Big data, machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and facial recognition are examples of AI-based technology that plastic surgeons may utilize to advance their surgical practice. Like any evolving technology, however, the use of AI in healthcare raises important ethical issues, including patient autonomy and informed consent, confidentiality, and appropriate data use. Such considerations are significant, as high ethical standards are key to appropriate and longstanding implementation of AI.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.