Observational studyInternational journal of medical sciences2020
Estrogen receptor α/prolactin receptor bilateral crosstalk promotes bromocriptine resistance in prolactinomas.
Observational study in International journal of medical sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aggressive PitNETs and Potential Target Therapies: A Systematic Review of Molecular and Genetic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The hormonal and neural control of maternal aggression.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2026Review
- The PKA/MBD2 Axis Transcriptionally Represses INPP5A to Modulate PI3K/Akt Signaling and Accelerate Pituitary Tumorigenesis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Effect of Tamoxifen on the Management of Dopamine Agonist-Resistant Prolactinomas: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Recent advances in understanding and managing pituitary adenomas.Faculty reviews · 2023Review
- Dopamine Agonist-Resistant Microprolactinoma-Mechanisms, Predictors and Management: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Reprogramming of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Gynaecological Cancers: Is There a Role for Oestradiol?Metabolites · 2022Review
- Muti-omics integration analysis revealed molecular network alterations in human nonfunctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors in the framework of 3P medicine.The EPMA journal · 2022Review
- Luteal expression of factors involved in the metabolism and sensitivity to oestrogens in the dog during pregnancy and in non-pregnant cycle.Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene · 2022Article
- Molecular Pathways in Prolactinomas: Translational and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Non-functioning Pituitary Adenoma by Transcriptome Analysis.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most common type of functional pituitary adenoma. Although bromocriptine is the preferred first line treatment for prolactinoma, resistance frequently occurs, posing a prominent clinical challenge. Both the prolactin receptor (PRLR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) serve critical roles in the development and progression of prolactinomas, and whether this interaction between PRLR and ERα contributes to bromocriptine resistance remains to be clarified. In the present study, increased levels of ERα and PRLR protein expression were detected in bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas and MMQ cells. Prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E2) were found to exert synergistic effects on prolactinoma cell proliferation. Furthermore, PRL induced the phosphorylation of ERα via the JAK2-PI3K/Akt-MEK/ERK pathway, while estrogen promoted PRLR upregulation via pERα. ERα inhibition abolished E2-induced PRLR upregulation and PRL-induced ERα phosphorylation, and fulvestrant, an ERα inhibitor, restored pituitary adenoma cell sensitivity to bromocriptine by activating JNK-MEK/ERK-p38 MAPK signaling and cyclin D1 downregulation. Collectively, these data suggest that the interaction between the estrogen/ERα and PRL/PRLR pathways may contribute to bromocriptine resistance, and therefore, that combination treatment with fulvestrant and bromocriptine (as opposed to either drug alone) may exert potent antitumor effects on bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas.
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Registered trials
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