ReviewEye and brain2020
Neuro-ophthalmic Complications of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.
Review in Eye and brain, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine-related adverse conditions in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition: an ESE clinical practice guideline.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Guideline
- Clinical features and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated ocular inflammation in Japanese patients: a case series.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome Related to Pembrolizumab Treatment for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Camrelizumab-associated MG-like ocular neuromuscular toxicity after PD-1 inhibitor rechallenge in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report with serial muscle injury-related biomarker changes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- FAERS database reveals latent signals of neuro-ophthalmic toxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: feature mining and clinical warnings.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Neuroretinitis following combination checkpoint inhibition therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab for stage IIIC melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Pharmacovigilance analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated optic nerve toxicity based on the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Can Immune Checkpoint Modulation Redefine Ocular Immunotherapy? Emerging Mechanisms, Challenges, and Translational Opportunities-A Comprehensive Review.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Recognizing potential immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated optic neuritis: insights from the FDA adverse event reporting system.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Consensus disease definitions for ophthalmic immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Case Report: Development of severe inflammatory orbitopathy after immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Side Effects of Novel Anticancer Drugs on the Posterior Segment of the Eye: A Review of the Literature.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Emerging Ocular Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- A case of severe visual loss related to treatment with pembrolizumab for metastatic renal pelvic cancer.IJU case reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Thyroid disorders induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.Endocrine · 2024Review
- A Fatal Case of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Myasthenia Gravis, Myositis, and Cardiomyopathy Overlap Syndrome in Urothelial Carcinoma.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Neuromyelitis optica associated with the use of Atezolizumab in a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Pembrolizumab-Associated Unilateral Optic Neuritis.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoints: new insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel cancer therapies that may be associated with immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) and come to the attention of neuro-ophthalmologists. This systematic review aims to synthesize the reported ICI-associated IRAEs relevant to neuro-ophthalmologists to help in the diagnosis and management of these conditions.
methodsA systematic review of the literature indexed by MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases was searched from inception to May 2020. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Primary studies on ICIs and neuro-ophthalmic complications were included. Outcomes included number of cases and incidence of neuro-ophthalmic IRAEs.
resultsNeuro-ophthalmic complications of ICIs occurred in 0.46% of patients undergoing ICI and may affect the afferent and efferent visual systems. Afferent complications include optic neuritis (12.8%), neuroretinitis (0.9%), and giant cell arteritis (3.7%). Efferent complications include myasthenia gravis (MG) (45.0%), thyroid-like eye disease (11.9%), orbital myositis (13.8%), general myositis with ptosis (7.3%), internuclear ophthalmoplegia (0.9%), opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (0.9%), and oculomotor nerve palsy (0.9%). Pembrolizumab was the most common causative agent for neuro-ophthalmic complications (32.1%). Mortality was highest for MG (19.8%). Most patients (79.8%) experienced improvement or complete resolution of neuro-ophthalmic symptoms due to cessation of ICI and immunosuppression with systemic corticosteroids.
conclusionWhile incidence of neuro-ophthalmic IRAEs is low, clinicians involved in the care of cancer patients must be aware of their presentation to facilitate prompt recognition and management. Collaboration between oncology and neuro-ophthalmology teams is required to effectively manage patients and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.