Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33173301›Full record

ArticleJournal of multidisciplinary healthcare2020

Patient Delay and Contributing Factors Among Breast Cancer Patients at Two Cancer Referral Centres in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aragaw Tesfaw, Solomon Demis, Tigabu Munye, Zemachu Ashuro

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Article in Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  7. Factors, including patient education, that impact cancer treatment adherence in low- and middle-income African countries: a scoping review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Aragaw TesfawDepartment of Public Health, Debre Tabor University, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0002-2776-7469
Solomon DemisDepartment of Pediatrics and neonatal Nursing, Debre Tabor University, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Tigabu MunyeDepartment of Comprehensive Nursing, Debre Tabor University, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Zemachu AshuroDilla University, College of Health Sciences, Dilla, Southern Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0003-4098-940X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnlike developed countries, there is high mortality of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries associated with prolonged patient delays and advanced stage presentations. However, evidence-based information about patient delay in presentation and contributing factors to diagnosis of breast cancer in Ethiopia is scarce.

methodsInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at oncology units of the University of Gondar and Felege Hiwot specialized hospitals. A total of 371 female breast cancer patients who were newly diagnosed from September 2019 to April 30, 2020 were included. Data were entered using EPI info version 7.2 and analyzed in SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize socio-demographic and clinical characteristic of the patients. Multivariable logistic regression at a

resultsA total of 281 (75.7%) patients had long patient delay of ≥90 days (3 months) with the average patient delay time of 8 months, and advanced stage diagnosis was found on 264 (71.2%) of patients. The median age of patients was 40 years. Rural residence (AOR=3.72; 95% CI=1.82-7.61), illiterate (AOR=3.8; 95% CI=1.71-8.64), having a painless wound (AOR=3.32; 95% CI=1.93, 5.72), travel distance ≥5 km (AOR=1.66; 95% CI=1.09-3.00), having no lump/swelling in the armpit (AOR=6.16; 95% CI=2.80-13.54), and no history of any breast problem before (AOR=2.46; 95% CI=(1.43-4.22) were predictors for long patient delay.

conclusionLong patient delay and advanced stage diagnosis of breast cancer are higher in our study. Travel distance ≥5 km, rural residence, no history of any breast problem before, having no lump/swelling in the arm pit, a painless lump in the breast, and being illiterate were important predictors for patient delay. Therefore, public awareness programs about breast cancer should be designed to prevent patient delay in presentation and to promote early detection of cases before advancement.

Indexed as

breast cancerEthiopiapatient delaypredictors

Identifiers

PMID33173301
PMCPMC7646382

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.