ArticleScientific reports2020
The effect of smoking on chronic inflammation, immune function and blood cell composition.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomiation studies.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Thromboxane biosynthesis in cancer patients and its inhibition by aspirin: a sub-study of the Add-Aspirin trial.British journal of cancer · 2023Trial
- Interleukin-6 responses to acute stress are not altered in alcohol use disorder despite elevated baseline inflammation.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Health behaviours and telomere biology in severe mental disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol extracts induce myelopoiesis and suppress inflammatory cytokine production.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Systemic immune-inflammatory index is associated with malignancy in Lung-RADS 4 lung nodules.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- State educational contexts in childhood and systemic inflammation in later life: Evidence from the health and retirement study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Circulating mitochondrial and cellular damage markers in long COVID: Links to cognitive function, psychological distress, and inflammation.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Relationship Between the Product of Pre-Treatment Neutrophil and Monocyte Counts and Clinical Outcomes in Rectal Cancer With Suspected Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2026Article
- Novel Mortality Index Unveils Smoking's Role in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Emphysema Shapes a Pro-Inflammatory Immune Microenvironment in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: A Pilot Immune Transcriptomic Profiling Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Lifestyle factors and DNA methylation-based aging clocks: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in the Singapore diet and healthy aging cohort.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Antagonistic SMAD2/3 control of TIMP-1, VEGF-A, and hypoxia signaling in myofibroblasts shapes histotype-specific angiogenesis in lung cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Polysialic acid is associated with immune activation in human peripheral blood nuclear cells.Glycobiology · 2026Article
- Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Diaphragm and the Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Function in Individuals Attending a Smoking Cessation Center.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Editorial Perspective: Smoking, vaping and mental health - a perspective on potential causal mechanisms.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Primary Liver Cancer Trends Worldwide and in China: Analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022 Data and Disease Management Implications.Portal hypertension & cirrhosis · 2026Review
- Early abstinence in severe alcohol use disorder: MCP-1 decline, choroid plexus shrinkage, and region-specific grey-matter volume changes.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smoking is the number one risk factor for cancer mortality but only 15-20% of heavy smokers develop lung cancer. It would, therefore, be of great benefit to identify those at high risk early on so that preventative measures can be initiated. To investigate this, we evaluated the effects of smoking on inflammatory markers, innate and adaptive immune responses to bacterial and viral challenges and blood cell composition. We found that plasma samples from 30 heavy smokers (16 men and 14 women) had significantly higher CRP, fibrinogen, IL-6 and CEA levels than 36 non-smoking controls. Whole blood samples from smokers, incubated for 7 h at 37 °C in the absence of any exogenous stimuli, secreted significantly higher levels of IL-8 and a number of other cytokines/chemokines than non-smokers. When challenged for 7 h with E. coli, whole blood samples from smokers secreted significantly lower levels of many inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. However, when stimulated with HSV-1, significantly higher levels of both PGE
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.