ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Are the Italian Children Exposed to Advertisements of Nutritionally Appropriate Foods?
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Children still exposed to high rates of unhealthy food advertising in Austria: does self-regulation work?Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Socio-Demographic and Behavioral Characteristics and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: The UniFoodWaste Study Among University Students in Italy.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Internet use, unhealthy diet, and obesity in rural school-aged youth: a cross-sectional study in Henan Province, China.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Monitoring Food Marketing Directed to Portuguese Children Broadcasted on Television.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Do Peers Matter? Unhealthy Food and Beverages Preferences among Children in a Selected Rural Province in China.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unhealthy eating habits are one of the main risk factors for overweight/obesity, and food marketing plays a major role in their development. The aim of this study was to monitor the amount and the characteristics of food marketing directed to Italian children broadcasted on television (TV). The WHO tool to assess food and beverage multimedia marketing aimed at children was used to analyze TV recordings. Type of product branded, viewing time, channel's target, and broadcasting company were the exposure variables analyzed. The power of persuasive techniques was also assessed. Food products were categorized as either core or non-core products on the basis of their nutritional profile. A total of 320 h of TV broadcasting was analyzed, including 51.7 h of commercials. Food and beverages were the second most frequently advertised products, with an average of 6 food advertisements per hour during peak viewing time. A total of 23.8% of food advertisements were recorded during the time slot of 3:00 p.m. Considering food and beverage commercials, "humor" was the most frequently used primary persuasive technique, while the "image of the product/packaging" was the most commonly used secondary persuasive technique. Products specifically targeted to children were 94.3% non-core. Our findings indicate that core foods are highly underrepresented in TV commercials, especially during children TV programs and peak viewing time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.