ArticlePloS one2020
A differential expression of pyrethroid resistance genes in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus across Uganda is associated with patterns of gene flow.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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24 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- The genomics of insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus: insights from a large bed-net trial.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Spatial and temporal signatures of genomic insecticide resistance in the Anopheles arabiensis mosquito malaria vector from Ethiopia.Research square · 2026Article
- Microsatellite analysis of genetic differentiation among populations of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus across mainland Tanzania reveals contrasted patterns of geographic isolation and gene flow.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Chlorfenapyr bednets effectively overcome pyrethroid resistance escalation in highly resistant Anopheles malaria vectors in Uganda.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spatial Heterogeneity ofJournal of parasitology research · 2026Review
- Genetic isolation drives divergent insecticide resistance between coastal and western Kenya Anopheles funestus populations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Signatures of selection and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in UgandanbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genome wide population genetics and molecular surveillance of insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes from Awash Sebat Kilo in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metabolic resistance to pyrethroids with possible involvement of non-coding ribonucleic acids in Anopheles funestus, the major malaria vector in western Kenya.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Temporal evolution of insecticide resistance and bionomics in Anopheles funestus, a key malaria vector in Uganda.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Copy number variants underlie major selective sweeps in insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles arabiensis.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Genetic markers associated with the widespread insecticide resistance in malaria vector Anopheles funestus populations across Tanzania.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Article
- Whole transcriptomic analysis reveals overexpression of salivary gland and cuticular proteins genes in insecticide-resistant Anopheles arabiensis from Western Kenya.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Copy number variants underlie the major selective sweeps in insecticide resistance genes inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Non-Coding RNAs Potentially Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance of Anopheles funestus Population in Western Kenya.Research square · 2024Article
- Baseline susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to clothianidin in northern Ghana.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Population dynamics and insecticide resistance inHeliyon · 2023Article
- Evidence of intensification of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vectors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Advances in the genetic characterization of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, and implications for improved surveillance and control.Malaria journal · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundInsecticide resistance is challenging the effectiveness of insecticide-based control interventions to reduce malaria burden in Africa. Understanding the molecular basis of insecticides resistance and patterns of gene flow in major malaria vectors such as Anopheles funestus are important steps for designing effective resistance management strategies. Here, we investigated the association between patterns of genetic structure and expression profiles of genes involved in the pyrethroid resistance in An. funestus across Uganda and neighboring Kenya.
methodsBlood-fed mosquitoes An. funestus were collected across the four localities in Uganda and neighboring Kenya. A Microarray-based genome-wide transcription analysis was performed to identify the set of genes associated with permethrin resistance. 17 microsatellites markers were genotyped and used to establish patterns of genetic differentiation.
resultsMicroarray-based genome-wide transcription profiling of pyrethroid resistance in four locations across Uganda (Arua, Bulambuli, Lira, and Tororo) and Kenya (Kisumu) revealed that resistance was mainly driven by metabolic resistance. The most commonly up-regulated genes in pyrethroid resistance mosquitoes include cytochrome P450s (CYP9K1, CYP6M7, CYP4H18, CYP4H17, CYP4C36). However, expression levels of key genes vary geographically such as the P450 CYP6M7 [Fold-change (FC) = 115.8 (Arua) vs 24.05 (Tororo) and 16.9 (Kisumu)]. In addition, several genes from other families were also over-expressed including Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), carboxylesterases, trypsin, glycogenin, and nucleotide binding protein which probably contribute to insecticide resistance across Uganda and Kenya. Genotyping of 17 microsatellite loci in the five locations provided evidence that a geographical shift in the resistance mechanisms could be associated with patterns of population structure throughout East Africa. Genetic and population structure analyses indicated significant genetic differentiation between Arua and other localities (FST>0.03) and revealed a barrier to gene flow between Arua and other areas, possibly associated with Rift Valley.
conclusionThe correlation between patterns of genetic structure and variation in gene expression could be used to inform future interventions especially as new insecticides are gradually introduced.
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