ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
Oleic acid restores suppressive defects in tissue-resident FOXP3 Tregs from patients with multiple sclerosis.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Dietary Fats.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of low-dose interleukin-2 in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2023Trial
- Metabolic switch: lymphocytes and the onset of T-cell-mediated autoimmunity.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Gut-derived hyodeoxycholate reprograms the spleen-eye immunometabolic axis to suppress autoimmune uveitis.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Lactate as a Master Regulator of Immune Suppression: From Metabolic Waste to Epigenetic Checkpoint in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bap1-mediated deubiquitination determines immune tolerance and anti-tumor immunity via modulating eTreg cell differentiation and ferroptosis.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial metabolism and PD-1 blockade: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in cancer immunotherapy.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The interplay between lipid metabolism, cancer progression and anti-cancer immunity.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Nrf2-mediated metabolic reprogramming drives regulatory T cell accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rewriting Inflammation in IBD: Lipidomics from Pathogenesis to Clinical Application.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Short-, medium-, versus long-chain fatty acids: mechanisms of immunomodulation and disease pathogenesis.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- The Treg-cell death axis in lung cancer: implications for immune evasion and novel therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Fatty acids in the tumor microenvironment reprogram neutrophils to induce immunosuppression via adenosine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- White-to-brown adipose switching promotes bladder cancer progression.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Lipid metabolism in homeostasis and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Antigen-specific TScience advances · 2026Article
- Treg dysregulation in the oxidative lung milieu: an emerging mechanistic link in interstitial lung disease associated with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Fatty acid-related immune network in psoriasis: metabolic regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Lipid Metabolism in Regulatory T Cells in Health and Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Hepatic Arachidonic Acid Dysregulation Impairs Double-Negative Regulatory T Cell-Mediated Immunoregulation via CD39 Downregulation and Drives MASLD Development.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
FOXP3+ Tregs rely on fatty acid β-oxidation-driven (FAO-driven) oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for differentiation and function. Recent data demonstrate a role for Tregs in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, with tissue-resident Tregs possessing tissue-specific transcriptomes. However, specific signals that establish tissue-resident Treg programs remain largely unknown. Tregs metabolically rely on FAO, and considering the lipid-rich environments of tissues, we hypothesized that environmental lipids drive Treg homeostasis. First, using human adipose tissue to model tissue residency, we identified oleic acid as the most prevalent free fatty acid. Mechanistically, oleic acid amplified Treg FAO-driven OXPHOS metabolism, creating a positive feedback mechanism that increased the expression of FOXP3 and phosphorylation of STAT5, which enhanced Treg-suppressive function. Comparing the transcriptomic program induced by oleic acid with proinflammatory arachidonic acid, we found that Tregs sorted from peripheral blood and adipose tissue of healthy donors transcriptomically resembled the Tregs treated in vitro with oleic acid, whereas Tregs from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) more closely resembled an arachidonic acid transcriptomic profile. Finally, we found that oleic acid concentrations were reduced in patients with MS and that exposure of MS Tregs to oleic acid restored defects in their suppressive function. These data demonstrate the importance of fatty acids in regulating tissue inflammatory signals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.