ArticleRheumatology and therapy2020
Effects of Therapies on Cardiovascular Events in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in Rheumatology and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Overview of Adalimumab Therapy for Ankylosing Spondylitis.Current rheumatology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Cardiovascular risk in axial spondyloarthritis-a systematic review.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Pooled it
- In Patients Experiencing Pain and Inflammation, the Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Is More Likely a Marker of the Observed Cardiovascular Risk Rather than Its Cause: A Viewpoint.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Is there a link between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cardiovascular risk in patients with inflammatory arthritis?Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Review
- Review
- Acute Coronary Syndrome and Rheumatic Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular risk according to biological agent exposure in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide population-based study.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in patients with spondyloarthritis: a real-life evidence from biostar nationwide registry.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Time Trend Analysis of Comorbidities in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Population-Based Study from 53,142 Hospitalizations in Poland.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Mortality and Ankylosing Spondylitis in the US population: leading causes and associated factors.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Interleukin-17-targeted treatment in patients with spondyloarthritis and associated cardiometabolic risk profile.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) persistence and reasons for discontinuation in a predominantly male cohort with axial spondyloarthritis.Rheumatology international · 2022Observational
- Factors Associated with the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- High inflammatory burden predicts cardiovascular events in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a long-term follow-up study.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are the most common therapies used in AS, however, the associated long-term cardiovascular risk is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of therapies used for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) such as NSAIDs and TNFi on cardiovascular events (CVE) in AS.
methodsA comprehensive search was performed from database inception to May 29, 2020 to include controlled studies of AS treated with NSAIDs, oral small molecules, or biologics reporting CVE. Study-specific risk ratios (RR) were pooled using a random effects model.
resultsNine non-randomized studies from 1570 studies screened fulfilled inclusion criteria. Among NSAID users as a whole versus no NSAIDs, no increased risk of CVE (composite outcome) was observed; however, the risk of cerebrovascular accident was significantly lower (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.93, I
conclusionsIn this meta-analysis of non-randomized studies, NSAID users as a whole and users of non-selective NSAIDs did not seem to have a higher risk of any CVE. Limited data suggest a lower risk of composite CVE outcome with Cox-2 inhibitors, unlike the increased risk reported in the general population. No significant association between TNFi and MI was observed. The certainty in evidence was very low due to all studies being observational. More studies are needed to study the association between TNFi use and CVE in general to evaluate a possible protective role in AS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.