ReviewActa bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis2020
Comparison between American and European legislation in the therapeutical and alimentary bacteriophage usage.
Review in Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- From laboratory to clinical application: a narrative review of bacteriophage therapy for antimicrobial-resistant infections in veterinary medicine.Veterinary research communications · 2026Review
- Phage cocktails: state-of-the-art technologies and strategies for effective design.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Application of Bacteriophages Against Enteric Bacterial Infection in Poultry: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Rethinking the fight against pig-related human salmonellosis in the European union.Porcine health management · 2025Review
- Effect of egg cultivation methods onFood science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Synergistic Approaches to Foodborne Pathogen Control: A Narrative Review of Essential Oils and Bacteriophages.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advances in Gene Therapy with Oncolytic Viruses and CAR-T Cells and Therapy-Related Groups.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Re-Emergence of Bacteriophages and Their Products as Antibacterial Agents: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Piezoelectric biosensor with dissipation monitoring enables the analysis of bacterial lytic agent activity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In Vitro Susceptibility of Clinical and Carrier Strains ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Phage Delivery Strategies for Biocontrolling Human, Animal, and Plant Bacterial Infections: State of the Art.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Positive and negative aspects of bacteriophages and their immense role in the food chain.NPJ science of food · 2024Review
- Phage-Based Biosanitation Strategies for Minimizing PersistentAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Isolation and Characterization of theMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Optimization of the Use of a Commercial Phage-Based Product as a Control Strategy ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Bacteriophages in Infectious Diseases and Beyond-A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- An overview of the use of bacteriophages in the poultry industry: Successes, challenges, and possibilities for overcoming breakdowns.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Regulations of phage therapy across the world.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Past and Future of Phage Therapy and Phage-Derived Proteins in Patients with Bone and Joint Infection.Viruses · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacteriophages, though discovered a century ago, still lag behind in the race of antimicrobials due to scarce information about their biology, pharmacology, safety and suitability as therapeutic agents. Although they possess several capabilities of practical utility in medicine, they are still unable to satisfy the regulatory standards set by the regulatory authorities in both United States (US) and European Union (EU). Bacteriophages and their products (lysins) are considered as drugs, therefore they should follow the same route of the chemical drugs in order to achieve regulatory approvals for commercial production and application. However, lack of definitive guidelines and regulations has rendered bacteriophages less attractive to pharmaceutical companies and funding agencies, making it difficult for clinicians and researchers to set up wide scale clinical trials in order to prove efficacy, safety and stability of bacteriophages and their products. In this review, we will discuss the current regulations for developing phages and phage-based products for therapeutic purposes in the US and EU.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.