ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Evolution of the genetic code; Evidence from serine codon use disparity in
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficient discovery of frequently co-occurring mutations in a sequence database with matrix factorization.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Arginine: at the crossroads of nitrogen metabolism.The EMBO journal · 2025Review
- The 3 31 Nucleotide Minihelix tRNA Evolution Theorem and the Origin of Life.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Machine learning classifiers predict key genomic and evolutionary traits across the kingdoms of life.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Molecules, Information and the Origin of Life: What Is Next?Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Evolution of the genetic code.Transcription · 2021Review
- Profile of Masayori Inouye.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Among the 20 amino acids, three of them-leucine (Leu), arginine (Arg), and serine (Ser)-are encoded by six different codons. In comparison, all of the other 17 amino acids are encoded by either 4, 3, 2, or 1 codon. Peculiarly, Ser is separated into two disparate Ser codon boxes, differing by at least two-base substitutions, in contrast to Leu and Arg, of which codons are mutually exchangeable by a single-base substitution. We propose that these two different Ser codons independently emerged during evolution. In this hypothesis, at the time of the origin of life there were only seven primordial amino acids: Valine (coded by GUX [X = U, C, A or G]), alanine (coded by GCX), aspartic acid (coded by GAY [Y = U or C]), glutamic acid (coded by GAZ [Z = A or G]), glycine (coded by GGX), Ser (coded by AGY), and Arg (coded by CGX and AGZ). All of these were derived from GGX for glycine by single-base substitutions. Later in evolution, another class of Ser codons, UCX, were derived from alanine codons, GCX, distinctly different from the other primordial Ser codon, AGY. From the analysis of the
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