ArticleAnnals of family medicine2020
Insurance Coverage and Use of Hormones Among Transgender Respondents to a National Survey.
Article in Annals of family medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the Binary: A Holistic Perspective on Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Measures of Kidney Health.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- Integrating CBPR and Implementation Science to Develop a PrEP-Promotion Intervention for Black Transgender Women.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2026Article
- Kidney Health and Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Review
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy in Portugal: knowledge, safety and adherence.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN TRANS AND GENDER-DIVERSE PATIENTS: Trauma-informed reproductive care for transgender and nonbinary people.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- Editors' Picks: Top 10 Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Antiracism Papers in Family Medicine Journals.Family medicine · 2024Article
- A Content Analysis of Transgender Health and Wellness Themes Shared Through Social Media.Clinical pediatrics · 2024Article
- Inflammation as a Potential Mechanism Contributing to Sexual Functioning Following Initiation of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Current sexual health reports · 2024Article
- Using focus groups to inform a peer health navigator service for people who are transgender and gender diverse in Saskatchewan, Canada.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Article
- Patient Characteristics Associated with Receiving Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy in the Veterans Health Administration.Transgender health · 2024Article
- Nonprescription Hormone Use Among Transgender Women - National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Among Transgender Women, Seven Urban Areas, United States, 2019-2020.MMWR supplements · 2024Article
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- Hormone use among the transgender, transvestites and non-binary population of Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2021: a cross-sectional study.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2024Article
- Journeying Through the Hurdles of Gender-Affirming Care Insurance: A Literature Analysis.Cureus · 2023Review
- Current use of testosterone therapy in LGBTQ populations.International journal of impotence research · 2022Review
- State-Level Policy Stigma and Non-Prescribed Hormones Use among Trans Populations in the United States: A Mediational Analysis of Insurance and Anticipated Stigma.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2022Article
- Voice and Speech Changes in Transmasculine Individuals Following Circumlaryngeal Massage and Laryngeal Reposturing.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2022Article
- Gender affirming hormone therapy dosing behaviors among transgender and nonbinary adults.Humanities & social sciences communications · 2022Article
- Privately Insured Transgender People Are At Elevated Risk For Chronic Conditions Compared With Cisgender Counterparts.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe undertook a study to assess the associations between barriers to insurance coverage for gender-affirming hormones (either lack of insurance or claim denial) and patterns of hormone use among transgender adults.
methodsWe used data from the US Transgender Survey, a large national sample of 27,715 transgender adults, collected from August to September 2015. We calculated weighted proportions and performed multivariate logistic regression analyses.
resultsOf 12,037 transgender adults using hormones, 992 (9.17%) were using nonprescription hormones. Among insured respondents, 2,528 (20.81%) reported that their claims were denied. Use of nonprescription hormones was more common among respondents who were uninsured (odds ratio = 2.64; 95% CI, 1.88-3.71;
conclusionsLack of insurance coverage for gender-affirming hormones is associated with lower overall odds of hormone use and higher odds of use of nonprescription hormones; such barriers may thus be linked to unmonitored and unsafe medication use, and increase the risks for adverse health outcomes. Ensuring access to hormones can decrease the economic burden transgender people face, and is an important part of harm-reduction strategies.
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Registered trials
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