Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33168671›Full record

ArticlePediatrics2020

Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and Childhood Influenza Vaccination.

Tammy A Santibanez, Kimberly H Nguyen, Stacie M Greby, Allison Fisher, Paul Scanlon, Achal Bhatt, Anup Srivastav, James A Singleton

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed
12.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed, 154 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  7. Vaccine uptake and hesitancy among Black people: A scoping review.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026
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  15. Perceived feasibility of a multicomponent prenatal intervention on childhood vaccinations: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey of prenatal care providers, April-June 2022.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
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  19. Navigating parental attitudes on childhood vaccination in Jordan: a cross-sectional study.International journal of environmental health research · 2025
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  20. Article

35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Tammy A SantibanezNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases and afz5@cdc.gov.
Kimberly H NguyenNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases and.
Stacie M GrebyCenters for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Allison FisherNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases and.
Paul ScanlonNational Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and.
Achal BhattNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases and.
Anup SrivastavNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases and.
James A SingletonNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases and.
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo quantify the prevalence of parental vaccine hesitancy (VH) in the United States and examine the association of VH with sociodemographics and childhood influenza vaccination coverage.

methodsA 6-question VH module was included in the 2018 and 2019 National Immunization Survey-Flu, a telephone survey of households with children age 6 months to 17 years.

resultsThe percentage of children having a parent reporting they were "hesitant about childhood shots" was 25.8% in 2018 and 19.5% in 2019. The prevalence of concern about the number of vaccines a child gets at one time impacting the decision to get their child vaccinated was 22.8% in 2018 and 19.1% in 2019; the prevalence of concern about serious, long-term side effects impacting the parent's decision to get their child vaccinated was 27.3% in 2018 and 21.7% in 2019. Only small differences in VH by sociodemographic variables were found, except for an 11.9 percentage point higher prevalence of "hesitant about childhood shots" and 9.9 percentage point higher prevalence of concerns about serious, long-term side effects among parents of Black compared with white children. In both seasons studied, children of parents reporting they were "hesitant about childhood shots" had 26 percentage points lower influenza vaccination coverage compared with children of parents not reporting hesitancy.

conclusionsOne in 5 children in the United States have a parent who is vaccine hesitant, and hesitancy is negatively associated with childhood influenza vaccination. Monitoring VH could help inform immunization programs as they develop and target methods to increase vaccine confidence and vaccination coverage.

Indexed as

AdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantInfluenza A virusInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesMaleParentsRetrospective StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesVaccinationInfluenza Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID33168671
PMCPMC8097955
OpenAlexW3101837429

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.