ArticleGut2021
Long-term instability of the intestinal microbiome is associated with metabolic liver disease, low microbiota diversity, diabetes mellitus and impaired exocrine pancreatic function.
Article in Gut, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06256614 (Washed Microbiota Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 107 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Washed Microbiota Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a Real World Research
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global landscape and knowledge structure of research on pancreatitis and gut microbiota: a bibliometric analysis based on WoSCC and Scopus (2006 - 2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: UEG, EPC, EDS, ESPEN, ESPGHAN, ESDO, and ESPCG evidence-based recommendations.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Guideline
- Research reviews and prospects of gut microbiota in liver cirrhosis: a bibliometric analysis (2001-2023).Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Experimental temperatures shape host microbiome diversity and composition.Global change biology · 2023Pooled it
- Gut dysbiosis in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 92 observational studies.EBioMedicine · 2022Pooled it
- The Promising Role of Microbiome Therapy on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic and Narrative Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of probiotics on glycemic control and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- A red wine intervention does not modify plasma trimethylamine N-oxide but is associated with broad shifts in the plasma metabolome and gut microbiota composition.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Dynamic flexibility of the murine gut microbiota during morphine disturbance enables escape from the stable dysbiosis that is associated with addiction-like behavior.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- The gut-pancreas axis: microbial dysbiosis as a pathogenic driver of diabetes and pancreatic cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Ageing processes in the bonobo gut microbiome mirror human patterns.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Higher abundance ofmSystems · 2026Article
- Fecal microbiota fermenting simple organic carbon substrates in vitro as microbial factories capable of distinguishing Crohn's disease from healthy states.Microbial cell factories · 2026Article
- Linkage of gut microbiota dysbiosis to chronic kidney disease in patients with graded proteinuria levels.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- High Frequency of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency Among Patients with Abdominal Pain, Bloating, and Malodorous Flatus: Hidden Pancreatic InsufficiencyThe Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- How the gut microbiome affects the immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Review
- Prospective association between the gut microbiome and incident hypertension: a 20-year cohort study.Journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Association between oral microbiome alpha and beta diversity and MASLD risk: a large-scale, population-based retrospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Bacteroides eggerthii ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease through host-microbe signaling and highlights 2-hydroxyisocaproate as a potential effector.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe intestinal microbiome affects the prevalence and pathophysiology of a variety of diseases ranging from inflammation to cancer. A reduced taxonomic or functional diversity of the microbiome was often observed in association with poorer health outcomes or disease in general. Conversely, factors or manifest diseases that determine the long-term stability or instability of the microbiome are largely unknown. We aimed to identify disease-relevant phenotypes associated with faecal microbiota (in-)stability.
designA total of 2564 paired faecal samples from 1282 participants of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were collected at a 5-year (median) interval and microbiota profiles determined by
resultsThe overall microbiome landscape remained remarkably stable over time. The greatest microbiome instability was associated with factors contributing to metabolic syndrome such as fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus. These, in turn, were associated with an increase in facultative pathogens such as
conclusionThis study identifies distinct components of metabolic liver disease to be associated with instability of the intestinal microbiome, increased abundance of facultative pathogens and thus greater susceptibility toward dysbiosis-associated diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.