SynthesisJournal of cardiology2021
Lack of association of antihypertensive drugs with the risk and severity of COVID-19: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- An umbrella review and meta-analysis of renin-angiotensin system drugs use and COVID-19 outcomes.European journal of clinical investigation · 2023Pooled it
- 2022 AHA/ACC Key Data Elements and Definitions for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Guideline
- Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Revealing Critical Bias Across a Body of Observational Research.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the association between angiotensin pathway inhibitors and COVID-19 severity and mortality.Systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Influence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers on the risk of all-cause mortality and other clinical outcomes in patients with confirmed COVID-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Antihypertensive Drug Use and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Hospitalized US Veterans: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on initiation of antihypertensive drugs in Sweden: an interrupted time series study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Observational
- Potential use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors to reduce COVID-19 severity.Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology · 2023Review
- Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 among patients with hypertension in the Philippine CORONA Study.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular Disease in Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology and Diagnosis Approach.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Initiation of antihypertensive drugs to patients with confirmed COVID-19-A population-based cohort study in Sweden.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2022Article
- Beta receptor blocker therapy for the elderly in the COVID-19 era.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- 2022 AHA/ACC Key Data Elements and Definitions for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2022Review
- Functional ACE2 deficiency leading to angiotensin imbalance in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Impact of body mass index on the outcome of Japanese patients with cardiovascular diseases and/or risk factors hospitalized with COVID-19 infection.Journal of cardiology · 2022Article
- Hypocalcemia in COVID-19: Prevalence, clinical significance and therapeutic implications.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- ACE2 internalization induced by a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein is modulated by angiotensin II type 1 and bradykinin 2 receptors.Life sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe association of antihypertensive drugs with the risk and severity of COVID-19 remains unknown. METHODS AND
resultsWe systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, and medRxiv for publications before July 13, 2020. Cohort studies and case-control studies that contain information on the association of antihypertensive agents including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), β-blockers, and diuretics with the risk and severity of COVID-19 were selected. The random or fixed-effects models were used to pool the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the outcomes. The literature search yielded 53 studies that satisfied our inclusion criteria, which comprised 39 cohort studies and 14 case-control studies. These studies included a total of 2,100,587 participants. We observed no association between prior usage of antihypertensive medications including ACEIs/ARBs, CCBs, β-blockers, or diuretics and the risk and severity of COVID-19. Additionally, when only hypertensive patients were included, the severity and mortality were lower with prior usage of ACEIs/ARBs (overall OR of 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.99, p < 0.05 and overall OR of 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.91, p < 0.01).
conclusionsTaken together, usage of antihypertensive drugs is not associated with the risk and severity of COVID-19. Based on the current available literature, it is not recommended to abstain from the usage of these drugs in COVID-19 patients. REGISTRATION: The meta-analysis was registered on OSF (https://osf.io/ynd5g).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.