ArticleChiropractic & manual therapies2020
Assessing forces during spinal manipulation and mobilization: factors influencing the difference between forces at the patient-table and clinician-patient interfaces.
Article in Chiropractic & manual therapies, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review on biomechanical effects of high-velocity, low amplitude spinal manipulation.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Guideline
- Technologies to investigate the mechanisms of force-based manipulations: a narrative methods review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The role of force-sensing devices in spinal manipulative therapy research, education, and clinical practice.The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association · 2025Article
- Comparison of force-time characteristics of prone cervicothoracic spinal manipulative therapy between chiropractic interns and chiropractors: A cross-sectional study.The Journal of chiropractic education · 2025Article
- Preliminary insights into the effects of spinal manipulation therapy of different force magnitudes on blood biomarkers of oxidative stress and pro-resolution of inflammation mediators.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2025Article
- The association between students' confidence and ability to modulate spinal manipulation force-time characteristics of specific target forces: a cross-sectional study.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2024Article
- Biomechanical Analysis of the Coordinated Movements of the Therapist's Hands and Feet during Lumbopelvic Manipulation: A Preliminary Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessment of forces during side-posture adjustment with the use of a table-embedded force plate: Reference values for education.The Journal of chiropractic education · 2023Article
- Investigating force-time characteristics of prone thoracic SMT and self-reported patient outcome measures: a feasibility study.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2023Article
- Article
- Definition and classification for adverse events following spinal and peripheral joint manipulation and mobilization: A scoping review.PloS one · 2022Article
- Factors Associated With Clinical Responses to Spinal Manipulation in Patients With Non-specific Thoracic Back Pain: A Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Devices Used to Measure Force-Time Characteristics of Spinal Manipulations and Mobilizations: A Mixed-Methods Scoping Review on Metrologic Properties and Factors Influencing Use.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and mobilization (MOB) effects are believed to be related to their force characteristics. Most previous studies have either measured the force at the patient-table interface or at the clinician-patient interface. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the difference between the force measured at the patient-table interface and the force applied at the clinician-patient interface during thoracic SMT and MOB, and 2) the influence of the SMT/MOB characteristics, participants' anthropometry and muscle activity (sEMG) on this difference.
methodsAn apparatus using a servo-linear motor executed 8 SMT/MOB at the T7 vertebrae in 34 healthy adults between May and June 2019. SMT and MOB were characterized by a 20 N preload, total peak forces of 100 N or 200 N, and thrust durations of 100 ms, 250 ms, 1 s or 2 s. During each trial, thoracic sEMG, apparatus displacement as well as forces at the patient-table interface and the clinician-patient interface were recorded. The difference between the force at both interfaces was calculated. The effect of SMT/MOB characteristics on the difference between forces at both interfaces and correlations between this difference and potential influencing factors were evaluated.
resultsForce magnitudes at the patient-table interface were, in most trials, greater than the force at the clinician-patient interface (up to 135 N). SMT/MOB characteristics (total peak force, thrust duration and rate of force application) affected the difference between forces at both interfaces (all p-values< 0.05). No factor showed significant correlations with the difference between forces at both interfaces for the 8 SMT/MOB.
conclusionsThe results revealed that the force measured at the patient-table interface is greater than the applied force at the clinician-patient interface during thoracic SMT and MOB. By which mechanism the force is amplified is not yet fully understood.
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