Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33167899›Full record

ArticleBMC nephrology2020

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors in North-Central Nigeria: a population-based survey.

Timothy Olusegun Olanrewaju, Ademola Aderibigbe, Ademola Alabi Popoola, Kolawole Thomas Braimoh, Mikhail Olayinka Buhari, Olanrewaju Timothy Adedoyin, Sulyman Alege Kuranga, Sikiru Abayomi Biliaminu, Adindu Chijioke, Abdulwahab Akanbi Ajape and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC nephrology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Global health inequalities of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024
    Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Timothy Olusegun OlanrewajuDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. t.o.olanrewaju@umcutrecht.nl.ORCID 0000-0002-8944-4198
Ademola AderibigbeDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Ademola Alabi PopoolaDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Kolawole Thomas BraimohDepartment of Radiology, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Mikhail Olayinka BuhariDepartment of Pathology, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Olanrewaju Timothy AdedoyinDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Sulyman Alege KurangaDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Sikiru Abayomi BiliaminuDepartment of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Adindu ChijiokeDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Abdulwahab Akanbi AjapeDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Diederick E GrobbeeJulius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Peter J BlankestijnDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Kerstin Klipstein-GrobuschJulius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ilorin Renal Study Group
University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital · NGUtrecht University · NLUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NL

Funding

International Society of Nephrology (BE) Shrier Award under the Sister Renal Center Program between University of Ilorin and Sheffield Kidney Institute for community CKD Screening Program
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing challenge in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. There is insufficient population-based data on CKD in Nigeria that is required to estimate its true burden, and to design prevention and management strategies. The study aims to determine the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors in Nigeria.

methodsWe studied 8 urban communities in Kwara State, North-Central zone of Nigeria. Blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, urinalysis, weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were obtained. Albuminuria and kidney length were measured by ultrasound while estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was derived from serum creatinine, using chronic disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Associations of risk factors with CKD were determined by multivariate logistic regression and expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

resultsOne thousand three hundred and fifty-three adults ≥18 years (44% males) with mean age of 44.3 ± 14.4 years, were screened. Mean kidney lengths were: right, 93.5 ± 7.0 cm and left, 93.4 ± 7.5 cm. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 24%; diabetes 4%; obesity 8.7%; albuminuria of > 30 mg/L 7%; and dipstick proteinuria 13%. The age-adjusted prevalence of CKD by estimated GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m

conclusionsCKD and its risk factors are prevalent among middle-aged urban populations in North-Central Nigeria. It is common among women, fueled by diabetes, ageing, obesity, and albuminuria. These data add to existing regional studies of burden of CKD that may serve as template for a national prevention framework for CKD in Nigeria. One of the limitations of the study is that the participants were voluntary community dwellers and as such not representative for the community. The sample may thus have been subjected to selection bias possibly resulting in overestimation of CKD risk factors.

Indexed as

AdultAlbuminuriaDiabetes MellitusFemaleHumansHypertensionMaleMiddle AgedNigeriaObesityPregnancyPregnancy ComplicationsPrevalenceRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRisk FactorsChronic kidney diseaseDiabetesHypertensionNigeriaObesityRisk factorsSub-Saharan Africa

Identifiers

PMID33167899
PMCPMC7654149
OpenAlexW3106012165

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.