ArticlePloS one2020
Population-based trends in hospitalizations due to injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections, Oregon, 2008 to 2018.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-hospitalization Care Transition Strategies for Patients with Substance Use Disorders: A Narrative Review and Taxonomy.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Inpatient Low-dose Transitions From Full Agonist Opioids Including Methadone Onto Long-acting Depot Buprenorphine: Case Series From a Multicenter Clinical Trial.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Trends in diagnosis of amyloid kidney disease in people who inject drugs (PWID).Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Hospital-Admitted Injection-Related Infections Among Incarcerated People Who Inject Drugs in Australia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Medical journal of Australia · 2026Observational
- Burden of Injection Drug Use-Related Infection Hospitalizations in Tennessee, 2016-2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Perspectives on Clinical Champions Implementing Hospital-Based Opioid Treatment in US Hospitals.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Improving hospital-based care for patients with injection-drug related infections: provider perspectives.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Infectious disease complications associated with opioid use disorder at a southern county hospital: a retrospective chart review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Health, Costs, and Injection-Related Infections at a Hypothetical Overdose Prevention Center.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Infective Endocarditis Hospitalizations in Kentucky, 2008-2018: Spatial and Temporal Trends.Journal of Appalachian health · 2026Article
- Clinical Impact of an Expanded MOUD Access Initiative for Patients Hospitalized With Infections From Intravenous Opioid Use.American journal of medicine open · 2025Article
- Supporting Patients With Stimulant Use Disorder During and After Hospitalization With a Mobile App-based Contingency Management Intervention: A Feasibility and Acceptability Study.Journal of addiction medicine · 2025Article
- Bacterial and fungal infections in persons who inject drugs.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Pilot testing a novel remotely delivered intensive outpatient program for hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Variability in trends of opioid-related hospital utilization among U.S. Adults, 2016-2021 check.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Drug use and sexual behaviors among women who inject drugs and use a syringe services program; Miami, Florida.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Hepatitis C Treatment Initiation During Hospitalization for People Who Use Drugs: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Incidence, Patient-Directed Discharge, Readmission, and Mortality Among People Hospitalized With Injecting-Related Infection: A Population-Based Linkage Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Injection-Related Infections and Self-treatment Practices Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Appalachia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- OPTIONS-DC: Treatment Course Outcomes Following Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy RN-Led Multidisciplinary Care Conferences for People Who Use Drugs Hospitalized With Complex Infections.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInjection drug use has far-reaching social, economic, and health consequences. Serious bacterial infections, including skin/soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, and endocarditis, are particularly morbid and mortal consequences of injection drug use.
methodsWe conducted a population-based retrospective cohort analysis of hospitalizations among patients with a diagnosis code for substance use and a serious bacterial infection during the same hospital admission using Oregon Hospital Discharge Data. We examined trends in hospitalizations and costs of hospitalizations attributable to injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2018.
resultsFrom 2008 to 2018, Oregon hospital discharge data included 4,084,743 hospitalizations among 2,090,359 patients. During the study period, hospitalizations for injection drug use-related serious bacterial infection increased from 980 to 6,265 per year, or from 0.26% to 1.68% of all hospitalizations (P<0.001). The number of unique patients with an injection drug use-related serious bacterial infection increased from 839 to 5,055, or from 2.52% to 8.46% of all patients (P<0.001). While hospitalizations for all injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections increased over the study period, bacteremia/sepsis hospitalizations rose most rapidly with an 18-fold increase. Opioid use diagnoses accounted for the largest percentage of hospitalizations for injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections, but hospitalizations for amphetamine-type stimulant-related serious bacterial infections rose most rapidly with a 15-fold increase. People living with HIV and HCV experienced increases in hospitalizations for injection drug use-related serious bacterial infection during the study period. Overall, the total cost of hospitalizations for injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections increased from $16,305,129 in 2008 to $150,879,237 in 2018 (P<0.001).
conclusionsIn Oregon, hospitalizations for injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections increased dramatically and exacted a substantial cost on the health care system from 2008 to 2018. This increase in hospitalizations represents an opportunity to initiate substance use disorder treatment and harm reduction services to improve outcomes for people who inject drugs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.