SynthesisPloS one2020
Association of small, dense LDL-cholesterol concentration and lipoprotein particle characteristics with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of an intermittent fasting diet versus regular diet on fat loss in overweight and obese middle-aged and elderly people without metabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Pooled it
- Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Coronary Artery Disease in the Adult Population: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Longer-Term Mixed Nut Consumption on Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations in Older Adults with Overweight or Obesity.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Effects of phytosterol supplementation on lipoprotein subfractions and LDL particle quality.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- A Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Dose, Crossover Study of the Comparative Bioavailability of EPA and DHA in a Novel Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticle-Based Formulation of ω-3 Acid Ethyl Ester Versus OmacorInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Peanuts or an Isocaloric Lower Fat, Higher Carbohydrate Nighttime Snack Have Similar Effects on Fasting Glucose in Adults with Elevated Fasting Glucose Concentrations: a 6-Week Randomized Crossover Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Changes in lipoproteins associated with lipid-lowering and antiplatelet strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Main differences between two highly effective lipid-lowering therapies in subclasses of lipoproteins in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Lipids in health and disease · 2021Trial
- Reduction of small dense LDL and Il-6 after intervention with Plantago psyllium in adolescents with obesity: a parallel, double blind, randomized clinical trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Reconceptualizing Dyslipidemia: Diversity of Lipid Imbalances and Their Clinical Implications; A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Small, dense LDL-C as a predictor of cardiovascular risk and benefit of alirocumab in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome receiving optimized statin treatment.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- The diagnostic value and mechanistic role of miR-20b-5p in premature coronary artery disease.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Novel lipid and obesity indices with new-onset stroke among adults aged 50 years and older in England.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Estimation of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: findings from a nationwide prospective cohort.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Exposure to a PFAS mixture alters cholesterol lipoprotein subfractions and induces a foam cell-like aortic macrophage expression profile in hyperlipidemic LDLrToxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026Article
- Inflammation and lipid-related determinants in coronary atherosclerosis: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Multidimensional lipid and inflammatory risk control following evolocumab treatment in real-world ASCVD: a hospital-based cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Small dense LDL: An underestimated driver of atherosclerosis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Associations of lipoprotein subclasses with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: results of two independent cohorts with a 20 year follow-up.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Atherogenic index of plasma combined with carotid crouse score predicts coronary artery disease in young and middle-aged adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to systematically collate and appraise the available evidence regarding the associations between small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), focusing on cholesterol concentration (sdLDL-C) and sdLDL particle characteristics (presence, density, and size).
backgroundCoronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) has been hypothesized to induce atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the etiological relevance of lipoprotein particle size (sdLDL) versus cholesterol content (sdLDL-C) remains unclear.
methodsPubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies published before February 2020. CHD associations were based on quartile comparisons in eight studies of sdLDL-C and were based on binary categorization in fourteen studies of sdLDL particle size. Reported hazards ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were standardized and pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model.
resultsData were collated from 21 studies with a total of 30,628 subjects and 5,693 incident CHD events. The average age was 67 years, and 53% were men. Higher sdLDL and sdLDL-C levels were both significantly associated with higher risk of CHD. The pooled estimate for the high vs. low categorization of sdLDL was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.52) and 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.12) for comparing the top quartiles versus the bottom of sdLDL-C. Several studies suggested a dose response relationship.
conclusionsThe findings show a positive association between sdLDL or sdLDL-C levels and CHD, which is supported by an increasing body of genetic evidence in favor of its causality as an etiological risk factor. Thus, the results support sdLDL and sdLDL-C as a risk marker, but further research is required to establish sdLDL or sdLDL-C as a potential therapeutic marker for incident CHD risk reduction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.