ArticlePloS one2020
Molecular strategy for the direct detection and identification of human enteroviruses in clinical specimens associated with hand, foot and mouth disease.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- HNB-RT-LAMP Coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a for the Simultaneous Detection of Enteroviruses and Enterovirus A71 in a Single Tube.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Enhancing Clinical Nursing Guidance and Optimizing Care Processes for Improved Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Treatment Outcomes.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Direct Detection Protocols for Poliovirus from Stool Samples of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Patients.Viruses · 2023Article
- Metagenomic Surveillance of Viral Gastroenteritis in a Public Health Setting.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Molecular characterization of echovirus 9 strains isolated from hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiseases caused by human enteroviruses (EVs) are a major global public health problem. Thus, the effective diagnosis of all human EVs infections and the monitoring of epidemiological and ecological dynamic changes are urgently needed.
methodsBased on two comprehensive virological surveillance systems of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), real-time PCR and nested RT-PCR (RT-snPCR) methods based on the enteroviral VP1, VP4-VP2 and VP4 regions were designed to directly detect all human EVs serotypes in clinical specimens.
resultsThe results showed that the proposed serotyping strategy exhibit very high diagnostic efficiency (Study 1: 99.9%; Study 2: 89.5%), and the variance between the study was due to inclusion of the specific Coxsackie virus A6 (CVA6) real-time RT-PCR and VP4 RT-snPCR in Study 1 but not Study 2. Furthermore, only throat swabs were collected and analyzed in Study 2, whereas in Study 1, if a specific EV serotype was not identified in the primary stool sample, other sample types (rectal swab and throat swab) were further tested where available. During the study period from 2013 to 2018, CVA6 became one of the main HFMD causative agents, whereas the level of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) declined in 2017.
conclusionThe findings of this study demonstrate the appropriate application of PCR methods and the combination of biological sample types that are useful for etiological studies and propose a molecular strategy for the direct detection of human EVs in clinical specimens associated with HFMD.
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