Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33165711›Full record

SynthesisJournal of immigrant and minority health2021

Understanding the Pap Testing Behaviors of African Immigrant Women in Developed Countries: A Systematic Review.

Joycelyn Cudjoe, Manka Nkimbeng, Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Hae-Ra Han

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of immigrant and minority health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Health Screening: an Umbrella Review Across Conditions.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. The Effect of Stigma and Social Networks on Role Expectations among African Immigrants Living with HIV.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Acculturation Strategies and Pap Screening Uptake among Sub-Saharan African Immigrants (SAIs).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Joycelyn CudjoeSchool of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. joycelyn.cudjoe@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9861-059X
Manka NkimbengSchool of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Ruth-Alma Turkson-OcranSchool of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Yvonne Commodore-MensahSchool of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Hae-Ra HanSchool of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.

Funding

Clinical Research&Epidemiology in Diabetes&EndocrinologyT32DK062707 · NIDDK · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI TODD T BROWN, Wendy Lynet Bennett · 2002 to 2026
$7.3M
The impact of health literacy, culture and psychosocial factors on the Pap testing behaviors of African immigrant women in the United StatesF31CA221096 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CUDJOE, JOYCELYN · 2017 to 2018
$85k
NCI NIH HHS (F31CA221096)NCI NIH HHS F31 CA221096
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAfrican immigrant (AI) women remain burdened by cervical cancer, but the prevalence and correlates of Pap testing remains unclear in this population.

objectiveTo review studies on the prevalence and determinants of Pap testing among AI women living in developed countries.

methodsPubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant articles that included African-born immigrant participants; were published in English; addressed the prevalence of Pap testing; conducted in a developed country; and identified correlates of Pap testing behavior. The Andersen Behavioral Model guided synthesis of the key findings.

resultsSixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of Pap testing ranged from 4.6% to 73.0%. Having a female provider and access to primary care facilitated Pap testing. Barriers to Pap testing included low income, male healthcare providers, and no history of gynecological exam.

conclusionsHealthcare providers and social determinants-particularly income and healthcare access, play an important role in improving Pap testing among AI women. Larger qualitative and mixed methods studies are needed to explore other important determinants of Pap testing such as disease knowledge, self-efficacy, health literacy to reduce the burden of cervical cancer among AI women.

Indexed as

Emigrants and ImmigrantsUterine Cervical NeoplasmsDeveloped CountriesEarly Detection of CancerFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMalePapanicolaou TestVaginal SmearsAfrican immigrantsCervical cancerPap smearSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID33165711
PMCPMC8747177

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.