ArticleSleep2021
Spindles are highly heritable as identified by different spindle detectors.
Article in Sleep, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A sleep schedule incorporating naps benefits the transformation of hierarchical knowledge.Sleep · 2022Trial
- Exploration of sleep spindles from surgically induced unilaterally deaf adult humans with and without tinnitus.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
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- The Interplay Between Sleep and Mental Health: A Genetic Perspective.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- Sleep Spindle Abnormalities as Neurophysiological Biomarkers of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: From Cellular Mechanisms and Neural Circuits to Clinical Implications.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
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- Sleep spindle density and morphology are resilient to post-traumatic gray matter volume loss.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2025Article
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- Article
- Article
- An examination of sleep spindle metrics in the Sleep Heart Health Study: superiority of automated spindle detection over total sigma power in assessing age-related spindle decline.BMC neurology · 2023Article
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- Observational
- Association Between Sleep Microstructure and Incident Hypertension in a Population-Based Sample: The HypnoLaus Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Article
- Covering the Gap Between Sleep and Cognition - Mechanisms and Clinical Examples.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Effects of Sedatives on Sleep Architecture Measured With Odds Ratio Product in Critically Ill Patients.Critical care explorations · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesSleep spindles, a defining feature of stage N2 sleep, are maximal at central electrodes and are found in the frequency range of the electroencephalogram (EEG) (sigma 11-16 Hz) that is known to be heritable. However, relatively little is known about the heritability of spindles. Two recent studies investigating the heritability of spindles reported moderate heritability, but with conflicting results depending on scalp location and spindle type. The present study aimed to definitively assess the heritability of sleep spindle characteristics.
methodsWe utilized the polysomnography data of 58 monozygotic and 40 dizygotic same-sex twin pairs to identify heritable characteristics of spindles at C3/C4 in stage N2 sleep including density, duration, peak-to-peak amplitude, and oscillation frequency. We implemented and tested a variety of spindle detection algorithms and used two complementary methods of estimating trait heritability.
resultsWe found robust evidence to support strong heritability of spindles regardless of detector method (h2 > 0.8). However not all spindle characteristics were equally heritable, and each spindle detection method produced a different pattern of results.
conclusionsThe sleep spindle in stage N2 sleep is highly heritable, but the heritability differs for individual spindle characteristics and depends on the spindle detector used for analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.