Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33165588›Full record

ArticleHealth policy and planning2020

How ready is the system to deliver primary healthcare? Results of a primary health facility assessment in Enugu State, Nigeria.

Adanma Ekenna, Ijeoma Uchenna Itanyi, Ugochukwu Nwokoro, Lisa R Hirschhorn, Benjamin Uzochukwu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health policy and planning, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Adanma EkennaDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
Ijeoma Uchenna ItanyiDepartment of Community Medicine, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria.
Ugochukwu NwokoroDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
Lisa R HirschhornEnding the HIV Epidemic Scientific Working Group, Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Benjamin UzochukwuHealth Systems and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Primary health centres are an effective means of achieving access to primary healthcare (PHC) in low- and middle-income countries. We assessed service availability, service readiness and factors influencing service delivery at public PHC centres in Enugu State, Nigeria. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 60 randomly selected public health centres in Enugu using the World Health Organization's Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) survey. The most senior health worker available was interviewed using the SARA questionnaire, and an observational checklist was used for the facility assessment. None of the PHC centres surveyed had all the recommended service domains, but 52 (87%) offered at least half of the recommended service domains. Newborn care and immunization (98.3%) were the most available services across facilities, while mental health was the least available service (36.7%). None of the surveyed facilities had a functional ambulance or access to a computer on the day of the assessment. The specific-service readiness score was lowest in the non-communicable disease (NCD) area (33% in the rural health centres and 29% in the urban health centres) and NCD medicines and supplies. Availability of medicine and supplies was also low in rural PHC centres for the communicable disease area (36%) and maternal health services (38%). Basic equipment was significantly more available in urban health centres (P = 0.02). Urban location of facilities and the presence of a medical officer were found to be associated with having at least 50% of the recommended infrastructure / basic amenities and equipment. Continuing medical education, funding and security were identified by the health workers as key enablers of service delivery. In conclusion, despite a focus on expanding primary care in Enugu State, significant gaps exist that need to be closed for PHC to make significant contributions towards achieving universal healthcare, core to achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goal agenda.

Indexed as

Health FacilitiesPrimary Health CareCross-Sectional StudiesHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInfant, NewbornNigeriaassessmentdrug provisionessential drugshealth facilitieshealth system reformhealth systemsPrimary healthcare

Identifiers

PMID33165588
PMCPMC7649669

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.