ReviewEndocrinology2021
The Importance of Leptin to Reproduction.
Review in Endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Leptin Levels in Children and Adolescents with Normal Weight and Overweight/Obesity Across Pubertal Stages: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Leptin, adiponectin levels and their ratios in women with polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Obesity alters the estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone surge in ovariectomized ewes†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Article
- Dlk1-deficient mice achieve puberty despite low body weight and low levels of leptin and kisspeptin.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Effects of Maternal Zinc Deficiency and Post-Weaning Zinc Status on Neuroendocrine Markers Associated with Pubertal Regulation in Female Rat Offspring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Maternal undernutrition in the first eighty days of gestation negatively programs ovarian development in dairy calves†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Article
- Association of leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 gene polymorphisms with milk production and reproductive traits in Indonesian Friesian Holstein cattle.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Post-transcriptional effects ofFood chemistry. Molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pregnancy prediction in Nelore heifers using machine learning algorithms.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Leptin Receptor b (LEPRb) Mutations Disrupt Hypothalamic Control of the Reproductive Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Characterization of serum follicle stimulating hormone, growth hormone, leptin, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin in female polar bears (Ursus maritimus) via multiplex immunoassay.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Psychological stress and functional ovarian suppression in women with PCOM: an observational study of FHA-like neuroendocrine phenotypes.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Observational
- Association between body mass index and anti-Müllerian hormone in women with ovarian endometrioma and dermoid cyst.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Non-linear and context-dependent association of maternal BMI with cumulative live birth in Chinese women undergoing intrauterine insemination: a retrospective study of 3788 cycles.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Restoring leptin sensitivity in metabolic and extra-metabolic leptin resistance: Pharmacologic strategies, systemic implications, and future directions.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Five hundred million years of hunger: how animals evolved to survive essential amino acid scarcity.Emerging topics in life sciences · 2025Article
- Leptin as a Potential Modifier of Neuroinflammation: Contrasting Roles in Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Adipose-Specific Cytokines as Modulators of Reproductive Activity.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The interplay between endometriosis and obesity.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2025Review
- Hormone Profiles After Planned Low Energy Availability Exposure in Naturally Menstruating and Hormonal Contraceptive Using Physique Athletes.European journal of sport science · 2025Observational
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A healthy nutritional state is required for all aspects of reproduction and is signaled by the adipokine leptin. Leptin acts in a relatively narrow concentration range: too much or too little will compromise fertility. The leptin signal timing is important to prepubertal development in both sexes. In the brain, leptin acts on ventral premammillary neurons which signal kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons to stimulate gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Suppression of Kiss1 neurons occurs when agouti-related peptide neurons are activated by reduced leptin, because leptin normally suppresses these orexigenic neurons. In the pituitary, leptin stimulates production of GnRH receptors (GnRHRs) and follicle-stimulating hormone at midcycle, by activating pathways that derepress actions of the messenger ribonucleic acid translational regulatory protein Musashi. In females, rising estrogen stimulates a rise in serum leptin, which peaks at midcycle, synchronizing with nocturnal luteinizing hormone pulses. The normal range of serum leptin levels (10-20 ng/mL) along with gonadotropins and growth factors promote ovarian granulosa and theca cell functions and oocyte maturation. In males, the prepubertal rise in leptin promotes testicular development. However, a decline in leptin levels in prepubertal boys reflects inhibition of leptin secretion by rising androgens. In adult males, leptin levels are 10% to 50% of those in females, and high leptin inhibits testicular function. The obesity epidemic has elucidated leptin resistance pathways, with too much leptin in either sex leading to infertility. Under conditions of balanced nutrition, however, the secretion of leptin is timed and regulated within a narrow level range that optimizes its trophic effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.