ArticleIndian journal of psychiatry
Changes in sleep pattern and sleep quality during COVID-19 lockdown.
Article in Indian journal of psychiatry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 187 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
187 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 357 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023Pooled it
- Changes in sleep quality and sleep disturbances in the general population from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- The prevalence and severity of insomnia symptoms during COVID-19: A global systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.Sleep medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The psychological impact of Covid-19 pandemic on people with Multiple Sclerosis: A meta-analysis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Sleep medicine reviews · 2022Pooled it
- On the validity of longitudinal comparisons of central location consumer testing results prior to COVID-19 versus home use testing data during the pandemic.Journal of food science · 2021Pooled it
- The Effect of Virtual Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Current psychiatry reports · 2021Pooled it
- Eight Weeks of Daily Cannabidiol Supplementation Improves Sleep Quality and Immune Cell Cytotoxicity.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on mood, sleep quality and quality of life in menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Effective recommendations towards healthy routines to preserve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)Trial
- A Behavioral Economic Characterization of the Impact of the COVID-19 Quarantine on Reinforcer Diversity, Behavior, and Health.Perspectives on behavior science · 2026Review
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Latinx College Students' Mental Health: Exploring the Role of Sleep, Social Support, and AttitudinalClocks & sleep · 2026Article
- Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sleep, and Self-Perception of Health During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Québec.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Number of Newly Dispensed Hypnotic Drugs During the First COVID-19 Lockdown Period in The Netherlands.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Within-person change in alcohol consumption and associated factors during a public health crisis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances and Anxiety Among Croatian University Students: Possible Association with Lifestyle Factors and COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Losing sleep? The effects of exposure to shootings near one's residence on self-reported sleep quantity in Chicago, 2020-2021.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Interplay among bedtime procrastination, sleep patterns, and subjective wellbeing in the Indian population: An observational study.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Development of a Qigong Used for Insomnia Therapy (QUIT) Program for Improving Sleep Quality and Blood Pressure in Chinese Women With Menopause: Pre-Post Pilot Test of Feasibility.Asian/Pacific Island nursing journal · 2025Article
127 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
37 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTo mitigate the spread of the pandemic coronavirus infection (COVID-19), governments across the world have adopted "lockdowns" which have confined many individuals to their homes. This disrupts normal life routines, elements of which are important circadian cues. The pandemic is also associated with new stressors, altered roles, and uncertainties about health and economic security, which are also likely to affect sleep. The current study is an online survey of sleep experience, routines, physical activity, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, to study the alterations associated with the lockdown. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe survey was conducted in early May 2020 using a questionnaire circulated through social media platforms. Questions related to demographic characteristics, current and previous sleep schedules, routine, and working patterns. Insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index - 4), Stress (Perceived Stress Scale - 4), anxiety and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire - 4) and physical activity (International Physical Activities Questionnaire) were assessed using standardized instruments.
resultsA total of 958 valid responses were received. Compared to the prelockdown period, there was a shift to a later bedtime and waking time, with a reduction in night-time sleep and an increase in day-time napping. These effects were visible across occupational groups, but mostly affected working individuals except health professionals. Sleep quality deteriorated across groups. Reductions in sleep duration were associated with depressive symptoms.
conclusionsThe COVID-19 lockdown is associated with changes in sleep schedule and in the quantity and quality of night-time sleep. Although these changes are associated with elevated rates of emotional symptoms, it is unclear from these cross-sectional results, whether sleep deterioration produces psychological distress, or vice versa.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.