ArticleAutophagy2021
Measurement of autophagic flux in humans: an optimized method for blood samples.
Article in Autophagy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of fasting-mimicking diet on markers of autophagy and metabolic health in human subjects.GeroScience · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Increasing autophagy with fasting and diet: separating fact from fiction.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Autophagy Flux Is Remodeled Sex- and Cell Type-Specifically During Human Aging, and Is Linked to Reduced Physical Function in Older Adults.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Drugging small-molecule compounds in autophagy-dependent cell death to overcome cancer therapy resistance.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Appendix in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis and therapy: An updated narrative review.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Autophagy Is Suppressed in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells During Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Exosomal lncRNA NORAD drives oxaliplatin resistance in AEG via the miR-433-3p/autophagy axis: a novel mechanism and potential biomarker.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Intermittent fasting-induced autophagy normalization confers hepatic protection in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: Mechanistic insights and implications.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- Review
- Links Between Autophagy and Healthy Aging.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Modulation of Autophagy by Bioactive Natural Products: Implications for Human Aging and Longevity.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Measurement of Physiological Autophagic Flux in the Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Pool.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Fragile mitophagy in long COVID: a proposed recovery-failure endotype for post-exertional malaise.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Time-restricted eating versus calorie restriction for improving biomarkers of age in adults with overweight or obesity and incipient fatty liver disease: protocol for the ENSATI randomized controlled parallel groups trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Roles of Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Targeting autophagy in autoimmune glomerular diseases.Journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- High protein does not change autophagy in human PBMCs after 1 hour.JCI insight · 2025Article
- An overview of autophagy inhibition as a potential clinical strategy in cancer therapy.Molecular pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autophagic flux is a critical cellular process that is vastly under-appreciated in terms of its importance to human health. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that reductions in autophagic flux cause cancer and exacerbate chronic diseases, including heart disease and the pathological hallmarks of dementia. Autophagic flux can be increased by targeting nutrition-related biochemical signaling. To date, translation of this knowledge has been hampered because there has been no way to directly measure autophagic flux in humans. In this study we detail a method whereby human macroautophagic/autophagic flux can be directly measured from human blood samples. We show that whole blood samples can be treated with the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from these samples could be used to measure autophagic machinery protein LC3B-II. Blocking of autophagic flux in cells while still in whole blood represents an important advance because it preserves genetic, nutritional, and signaling parameters inherent to the individual. We show this method was reproducible and defined LC3B-II as the best protein to measure autophagic flux in these cells. Finally, we show that this method is relevant to assess intra-individual variation induced by an intervention by manipulating nutrition signaling with an
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.