ArticleClinical infection in practice2020
COVID-19-associated encephalitis successfully treated with combination therapy.
Article in Clinical infection in practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Benefits of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin on mortality in patients with severe COVID-19: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of COVID-19-associated encephalitis: A systematic review of case reports and case series.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with COVID-19-associated central nervous system manifestations: a systematic review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19, Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis and MicroRNA.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and COVID-19: A systematic synthesis of worldwide cases.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 associated brain/spinal cord lesions and leptomeningeal enhancement: A meta-analysis of the relationship to CSF SARS-CoV-2.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging · 2021Pooled it
- Neuropathologic findings of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid in COVID-19: A systematic review of the literature.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Review
- Review
- AI-CoV Study: Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated With COVID-19 and Its Vaccines-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Modulating neuroinflammation in COVID-19 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.Journal of psychiatric research · 2022Review
- COVID-19-Associated Encephalopathy-Case Series and Clinical Considerations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Acute and chronic neurological disorders in COVID-19: potential mechanisms of disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Review
- Potential therapeutic approach of intravenous immunoglobulin against COVID-19.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2021Review
- Neurochemical biomarkers to study CNS effects of COVID-19: A narrative review and synthesis.Journal of neurochemistry · 2021Review
- Use of Antioxidants for the Neuro-Therapeutic Management of COVID-19.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Update on neurological symptoms in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.Ibrain · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcute encephalitis can occur in different viral diseases due to infection of the brain or by an immune mechanism. Severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a major immune inflammatory response with cytokine upregulation including interleukin 6 (IL-6). We report a case presenting with acute encephalitis that was diagnosed as having severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with hyperinflammatory systemic response and recovered after therapy with immunoglobulins and cytokine blockade. CASE REPORT: A 39-year-old-man was brought to the Emergency Department with drowsiness, mental disorientation, intermittent fever and headache. A brain magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive involvement of the brain including cortical and subcortical right frontal regions, right thalamus, bilateral temporal lobes and cerebral peduncles, with no leptomeningeal enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a leukocyte count of 20/µL (90% lymphocytes), protein level of 198 mg/dL, and glucose of 48 mg/dL. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs by reverse-transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) but it was negative in the CSF. Remarkable laboratory findings in blood tests included low lymphocyte count and elevated ferritin, IL-6 and D-dimer. He had a complicated clinical course requiring mechanical ventilation. Intravenous immunoglobulins and cytokine blockade with tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, were added considering acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis. The patient made a full recovery, suggesting that it could have been related to host inflammatory response.
conclusionThis case report indicates that COVID-19 may present as an encephalitis syndrome mimicking acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis that could be amenable to therapeutic modulation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.