ArticleMayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes2021
Cardiac Toxicity of Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis.
Article in Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of children, young people and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- The Prevalence and Associated Death of Ventricular Arrhythmia and Sudden Cardiac Death in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of hydroxychloroquine on the cardiac ventricular repolarization: A randomized clinical trial.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Unc-51 like kinase 3 (ULK3) contributes to autophagy and cell survival in multiple myeloma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Reply to "Preclinical and Clinical Evidence on Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19": Achieving Statistical Significance Does Not Mean That Clinical Relevance Can Be Disregarded, and This Must Be Considered When Interpreting Results.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Endolysosome-targeted nanoparticle delivery of antiviral therapy for coronavirus infections.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular adverse effects of antiviral therapies for COVID-19: Evidence and plausible mechanisms.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2025Review
- Genetic and Epigenetic Intersections in COVID-19-Associated Cardiovascular Disease: Emerging Insights and Future Directions.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Antimalarial as Repurposing Drug for COVID-19 Following Retraction of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2025Review
- Effects of hydroxychloroquine on atrial electrophysiology in in silico wild-type and PITX2Herz · 2023Article
- Post-Covid condition and clinic characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a 2-year follow-up to Brazilian cases.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Lipid emulsion inhibits the cardiac toxicity caused by chloroquine via inhibition of reactive oxygen species production.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2023Article
- Safety and tolerance of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the COVAD study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- The potential role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spread.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Long COVID-19 and the Heart: Is Cardiac Mitochondria the Missing Link?Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2023Review
- Hydroxychloroquine, QTc prolongation and risk of torsades de pointes.Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cardiomyocyte fusion may contribute to increased arrhythmic risk in COVID-19.PloS one · 2023Article
- Assessment of the proarrhythmic effects of repurposed antimalarials for COVID-19 treatment using a comprehensiveFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Risk Factors for QT Prolongation in Patients with Chronic Hydroxychloroquine Use.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo systematically review the literature and to estimate the risk of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) cardiac toxicity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
methodsWe searched multiple data sources including PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid EBM Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science and medrxiv.org from November 2019 through May 27, 2020. We included studies that enrolled patients with COVID-19 treated with CQ or HCQ, with or without azithromycin, and reported on cardiac toxic effects. We performed a meta-analysis using the arcsine transformation of the different incidences.
resultsA total of 19 studies with a total of 5652 patients were included. The pooled incidence of torsades de pointes arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, or cardiac arrest was 3 per 1000 (95% CI, 0-21;
conclusionTreatment of patients with COVID-19 with CQ or HCQ is associated with an important risk of drug-induced QT prolongation and relatively higher incidence of torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia, or cardiac arrest. Therefore, these agents should not be used routinely in the management of COVID-19 disease. Patients with COVID-19 who are treated with antimalarials for other indications should be adequately monitored.
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