ArticleKidney international reports2020
A Newly Recognized Endemic Region of CKD of Undetermined Etiology (CKDu) in South India-"Tondaimandalam Nephropathy".
Article in Kidney international reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria for chronic kidney disease of undetermined etiology (CKDu): a systematic review of the literature.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of elevated phosphate on the kidney - damaging the gatekeeper.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Exploring the Association Between Potentially Toxic Elements and Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Review
- CKDu-AGRI Study-a population-based cross-sectional study of chronic kidney disease and chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology among agricultural workers in Tamil Nadu, India.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Symptoms of heat stress predict changes in serum creatinine among rural patients with chronic kidney disease during heatwave conditions in Northern India.BMC nephrology · 2025Observational
- Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease and its underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Differential associations between synthetic endocrine disruptors and renal function impairment across varying degrees in middle-aged and older adult populations.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural Communities-Prevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- Occupational heat exposure and its impact on kidney health among cashew workers.Journal of nephrology · 2024Article
- Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Randomized Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Standard Versus Higher Bicarbonate Supplementation in CKD of Unknown Etiology.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence and predictors of chronic kidney disease of undetermined causes (CKDu) in Western Kenya's "sugar belt": a cross-sectional study.BMC nephrology · 2023Article
- Inhaled silica nanoparticles cause chronic kidney disease in rats.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2022Article
- Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in India: a comparative study with Mesoamerican and Sri Lankan nephropathy.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
- Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in India: What Do We Know and Where We Need to Go.Kidney international reports · 2021Article
- Seasonal Changes in Kidney Function in CKD of Uncertain Etiology.Kidney international reports · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is being increasingly recognized as a public health problem in India. The entity of CKD of undetermined etiology (CKDu) is increasingly being reported globally. Here we describe the burden of CKDu in a heretofore undescribed population in South India.
methodsWe prospectively enrolled all patients with CKD referred to the nephrology department in an observational registry. We analyzed their sociodemographic and clinical features over 4 years. The diagnosis of CKD and its etiology was determined using predefined criteria. Geolocalization of CKD patients was performed. Subsequently, CKD screening was conducted in a village located in an area of CKDu clustering.
resultsA total of 2424 patients were analyzed; the median age was 52 years and 75.3% were male. Seventy-five percent had advanced CKD. CKDu was the most common (51.7%) etiologic category. This is the highest proportion of CKDu reported among all published CKD studies to date from India. The clinical and demographic profile of this patient population match that of CKDu patients reported from Sri Lanka and Central America, where CKDu is endemic. A clustering of cases of CKDu was noted in specific districts using a geographic information system software. Screening of 447 people in an outreach program at a village located in an area identified to have clustering of CKDu showed a CKD prevalence of 19%.
conclusionWe report a previously unrecognized endemic area of CKDu among the underprivileged population engaged in agricultural labor in coastal southeastern India in the states of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry (Tondaimandalam) in India.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.