ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)2020
Amyloid beta is an early responder cytokine and immunopeptide of the innate immune system.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early amyloid pathology in mice synergistically worsens post-sepsis behavioral impairment and microglial synaptic phagocytosis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Combating ageing beyond the cell: Emerging roles of extracellular proteostasis.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- Pathological or preventative? Amyloid-β as an effector of innate immunity.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Trends in Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality Among Alzheimer Patients in Older Adults Across the USA: A CDC Wonder Analysis.Current Alzheimer research · 2026Article
- Integrated oral-gut microbiota therapy: a novel perspective on preventing bacterial translocation for systemic disease management.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Role of Functional Amyloids and Amyloid Peptides in Disease Detection.Protein and peptide letters · 2025Review
- Hearing modulation affects Alzheimer's disease progression linked to brain inflammation: a study in mouse models.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Brain-immune interactions: implication for cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease and autoimmune disorders.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Review
- Oral Microbiome: A Review of Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Review
- The duality of amyloid-β: its role in normal and Alzheimer's disease states.Molecular brain · 2024Review
- Prodromic Inflammatory-Oxidative Stress in Peritoneal Leukocytes of Triple-Transgenic Mice for Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Amyloid beta 42 alters cardiac metabolism and impairs cardiac function in male mice with obesity.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Amyloid-β and caspase-1 are indicators of sepsis and organ injury.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- A potential therapeutic target: The role of neutrophils in the central nervous system.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Review
- Recent advances in understanding Alzheimer's Disease: diagnosis and management strategies.Faculty reviews · 2023Review
- Studying ancient human oral microbiomes could yield insights into the evolutionary history of noncommunicable diseases.F1000Research · 2023Review
- Molecular mechanisms of Huanglian Jiedu decoction in treating Alzheimer's disease by regulating microbiomeFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Alzheimer's disease as a fundamental disease of information processing systems: An information theory perspective.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Analysis of Cerebral Small Vessel Changes in AD Model Mice.Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A molecular level conceptualization of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive with many competing hypotheses, particularly via proteopathic and immunopathic mechanisms. However, these need not be competitive. If amyloid beta (Aβ) is regarded as an "early responder cytokine," then proteopathic considerations become encompassed within an overarching hybrid proteopathic-immunopathic mechanism. As argued in this commentary, Aβ is in fact a molecular constituent of the innate immune system. Aβ is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) functioning not only as a killer peptide, but also as a modulatory immunopeptide. Aβ satisfies the definition of a cytokine, exhibiting interdependency with other cytokines. Aβ also satisfies the functional definition of a chemokine, existing within the AMP-chemokine spectrum. Aβ, like conventional cytokines, both binds to and is released by microglial cells. Finally, Aβ interacts with the complement and Toll-like receptor systems analogously to established cytokines. Aβ may thus be regarded as an effector molecule of innate immunity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.