ReviewCurrent pharmacology reports2020
Side Effects of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on Skeletal Muscle: a Narrative Review.
Review in Current pharmacology reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breaking the block: Sugammadex as the last resort for refractory vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in a patient receiving hydroxychloroquine.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Improving Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatment in High-fat Diet Fed Mice with Fisetin and Hydroxychloroquine: The Cooperative Pathways for Improved Metabolic Health.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Chloroquine Causes Aging-like Changes in Diaphragm Neuromuscular Junction Morphology in Mice.Cells · 2025Article
- Optimized Effects of Fisetin and Hydroxychloroquine on ER Stress and Autophagy in Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease in Mice.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Review
- The NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Pathogenic Player Showing Therapeutic Potential in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Comorbidities: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Highly contractile 3D tissue engineered skeletal muscles from human iPSCs reveal similarities with primary myoblast-derived tissues.Stem cell reports · 2023Article
- Article
- An Overview of Repurposed Drugs for Potential COVID-19 Treatment.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A review on drug repurposing in COVID-19: from antiviral drugs to herbal alternatives.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2022Review
- Current evidence of neurological features, diagnosis, and neuropathogenesis associated with COVID-19.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Article
- Pathophysiological aspects of neuro-COVID.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Article
- Post-COVID-19 acute sarcopenia: physiopathology and management.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2021Review
- Diagnose SARS-CoV-2 associated Guillain-Barre syndrome upon appropriate criteria and after exclusion of differentials.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- Neuropsychiatric disorders and COVID-19.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2021Article
- [Neuromuscular complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection-Part 2: muscle disorders].Der Nervenarzt · 2021Review
- Putative mechanisms explaining neuro-COVID.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2021Article
- Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Myopathy: Clinical Spectrum and Treatment Outcomes.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- SARS-CoV-2 as Well as Anti-COVID-19 Treatment May Cause Rhabdomyolysis.Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewConcerning adverse neuromuscular effects, there are quite a few reports about the incidence and prevalence of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) myopathy. Given the above, I decided to explore the relationships of these drugs with skeletal muscle in an attempt to clarify how they affect the muscle now and in the future, as millions of people are using CQ and HCQ. RECENT
findingsThe literature review identified 28 publications about CQ/HCQ myopathy, totaling 56 patients, from 1963 to 2020. A compilation of all patients was carried out by computing demographic features, clinical aspects, laboratory exams, and clinical evolution. All articles but two represented a large series about incidence and prevalence of the myopathy. Fifty-nine percent used QC, mean daily dose was 393 mg per day, and mean duration of treatment was 37 months. The predominant underlying diseases were rheumatoid arthritis (42.8%) and lupus erythematosus (26.8%). Respiratory distress was present in 12.5% in patients with proximal muscle weakness (87.2%). Dysphagia and cervical and axial weakness were observed in a smaller percentage. Creatine kinase was elevated in 60.7%, and EMG showed a myopathic pattern in 54%. Muscle biopsy showed a vacuolar pattern in 53.7%, and curvilinear bodies (CB) were the predominant ultrastructural finding (86.8%). After drug withdrawal, 85.4% of patients improved, and 12.7% died from other causes than myopathy. SUMMARY: CQ and HCQ myopathy has been known for a long time, but the incidence is low, being described only with long-term use. The use of these drugs for a short period has not been reported, although a prolonged elimination half-life of these drugs actually exists.
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