ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
The History of Carbohydrates in Type I Allergy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Epithelial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Sensitisation: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The alpha-gal syndrome: Understanding the role of tick bites, and the delays in severe anaphylaxis.Allergy and asthma proceedings · 2026Review
- From vector to allergen: exploring the immunology of tick-triggered α-Gal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mapping the major B-cell linear epitope of silkworm (Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Is Zebrafish a Good Model for the Alpha-Gal Syndrome?FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- IgE and anaphylaxis specific to the carbohydrate alpha-gal depend on IL-4.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Two patients with allergy to celery - Possible role of carbohydrate determinants and difference between seeds and tuber allergenicity.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2022Article
- [Alpha-gal syndrome : Overview of clinical presentation and pathophysiology].Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete · 2022Review
- A novel monoclonal IgG1 antibody specific for Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose questions alpha-Gal epitope expression by bacteria.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Current and Future Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS).Journal of asthma and allergy · 2022Review
- Tuning IgE: IgE-Associating Molecules and Their Effects on IgE-Dependent Mast Cell Reactions.Cells · 2021Review
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although first described decades ago, the relevance of carbohydrate specific antibodies as mediators of type I allergy had not been recognized until recently. Previously, allergen specific IgE antibodies binding to carbohydrate epitopes were considered to demonstrate a clinically irrelevant cross-reactivity. However, this changed following the discovery of type I allergies specifically mediated by oligosaccharide structures. Especially the emerging understanding of red meat allergy characterized by IgE directed to the oligosaccharide alpha-gal showed that carbohydrate-mediated reactions can result in life threatening systemic anaphylaxis which in contrast to former assumptions proves a high clinical relevance of some carbohydrate allergens. Within the scope of this review article, we illustrate the historical development of carbohydrate-allergen-research, reaching from only diagnostically relevant crossreactive-carbohydrate-determinants to clinically important antigens mediating type I allergy. Focusing on clinical and immunological features of the alpha-gal syndrome, we highlight the discovery of oligosaccharides as potentially highly immunogenic antigens and mediators of type I allergy, report what is known about the route of sensitization and the immunological mechanisms involved in sensitization and elicitation phase of allergic responses as well as currently available diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Finally, we briefly report on carbohydrates being involved in type I allergies different from alpha-gal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.