Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33162908›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2020

Cooperative and Individual Mandala Drawing Have Different Effects on Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Subjective Well-Being.

Chao Liu, Hao Chen, Chia-Yi Liu, Rung-Tai Lin, Wen-Ko Chiou

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT07450924 (Examination of the Effect of Mandala Coloring Activity Applied to Caregivers in the Palliative Care Clinic Along With Benson Relaxation Exercise on Stress, Anxiety and Mental Well-Being), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
36.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07450924 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Examination of the Effect of Mandala Coloring Activity Applied to Caregivers in the Palliative Care Clinic Along With Benson Relaxation Exercise on Stress, Anxiety and Mental Well-Being

TypeinterventionalSponsorKaradeniz Technical UniversityRan2025 to 2025Enrolled68ConditionsBenson Exercise, Mandala Coloring, Informal Palliative CaregiverArmsmandala coloring activity, Benson relaxation exercises
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Focused-Attention Meditation Improves Flow, Communication Skills, and Safety Attitudes of Surgeons.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Chao LiuCollege of Aviation, Hua Qiao University, Xiamen, China.
Hao ChenGraduate Institute of Business and Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Chia-Yi LiuDepartment of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Rung-Tai LinGraduate School of Creative Industry Design, National Taiwan University of Arts, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Wen-Ko ChiouDepartment of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chang Gung University · TWHuaqiao University · CNNational Taiwan University of Arts · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mandala drawing was first practiced by Tibetan buddhists and then developed by Carl Gustav Jung, who felt certain that mandala drawing has the function of integrating psychological division, enhancing psychological harmony, and preserving personality integrity. Previous studies on mandala drawing have mainly focused on alleviating people's negative emotions, such as anxiety and depression. Therefore, this study explored the effect and mechanism of mandala drawing on the improvement of subjective well-being (SWB), mindfulness, and spirituality from positive psychology's viewpoint and compared the different effects of cooperative mandala drawing (CMD) and individual mandala drawing (IMD) on mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB. A total of 76 students were recruited from Chang Gung University, and the aforementioned three main variables were measured before and after the coloring experiment. The results indicated that both CMD and IMD significantly enhanced the subjects' spirituality. Compared with IMD, CMD has a more significant improvement and promotion effect on SWB of subjects by affecting PA, while IMD had no significant effect on PA, and the enhancement effect of SWB was weaker than that of CMD. Mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB all positively correlated with each other. This study highlights the mechanism of mandala drawing and the theoretical understanding of the relationship between mindfulness and SWB. Mandala drawing especially CMD has a positive effect on spirituality and SWB, which may provide individuals with a simple and easy method to improve their happiness.

Indexed as

mandala drawingsmindfulnesspositive psychologyspiritualitysubjective well-being

Identifiers

PMID33162908
PMCPMC7581735
OpenAlexW3091943045

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.