ArticleMediators of inflammation2020
Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Mediators of inflammation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning based algorithms for virtual early detection and screening of neurodegenerative and neurocognitive disorders: a systematic-review.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of thoracic manipulation with trigger point therapy on inflammatory cytokine levels in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Trial
- CSF Cytokine Network Organization Predicts Progression Independent of Relapse and MRI Activity in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity: a reappraisal of the evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Glial Cytokine and Metabolic Networks in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: From Pathophysiology to Biomarkers and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Central TYK2 inhibition identifies TYK2 as a key neuroimmune modulator.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- T-cell repertoire correlates with cytokine imbalance in multiple sclerosis patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Multiple Sclerosis.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Elevated cytokine levels in the central nervous system of cluster headache patients in bout and in remission.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Combination protein biomarkers predict multiple sclerosis diagnosis and outcomes.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Performance Measures and Plasma Biomarker Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis after 14 Days of Fampridine Treatment: An Explorative Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Big data and artificial intelligence applied to blood and CSF fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Association of multiple sclerosis with chronic fatigue syndrome, restless legs syndrome, and various sleep disorders, along with the recent updates.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases with Central Nervous System Involvement.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Challenges and Opportunities.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Central nervous system macrophages in progressive multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurodegeneration and therapeutics.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Role of artificial intelligence in MS clinical practice.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Review
- Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- T-Cell Response against Varicella Zoster Virus in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis during Relapse and Remission.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating disorder characterized by persisting damage to the brain caused by autoreactive leukocytes. Leukocyte activation is regulated by cytokines, which are readily detected in MS serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
objectiveSerum and CSF levels of forty-five cytokines were analyzed to identify MS diagnostic markers.
methodsCytokines were analyzed using multiplex immunoassay. ANOVA-based feature and Pearson correlation coefficient scores were calculated to select the features which were used as input by machine learning models, to predict and classify MS.
resultsTwenty-two and twenty cytokines were altered in CSF and serum, respectively. The MS diagnosis accuracy was ≥92% when any randomly selected five of these biomarkers were used. Interestingly, the highest accuracy (99%) of MS diagnosis was demonstrated when CCL27, IFN-
conclusionWe identified the set of cytokines from the serum and CSF that could be used for the MS diagnosis and classification.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.