ArticleNature and science of sleep2020
Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale: Translation, Test, and Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version.
Article in Nature and science of sleep, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- What you believe is what you get? A systematic review examining how beliefs and attitudes about sleep are associated with sleep duration in non-clinical samples.Sleep medicine reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Cannabidiol for moderate-severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg of nightly dosing.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Trial
- Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale in the General Population and Among Individuals Reporting Insomnia.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Sleep effort and its measurement: A scoping review.Journal of sleep research · 2024Article
- Changes in sleep effort mediate insomnia severity in older adults following online cognitive behavioural therapy.Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
purposeThe purpose of the current study is to translate, test and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES) in Persian language.
methodsParticipants consisted of two samples: a clinical sample of 120 patients (58%) with insomnia disorder meeting DSM-5 criteria for insomnia and a non-clinical sample of 110 participants (42%) with normal sleep. Both samples completed the following measures: GSES, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale-10, Pre Sleep Arousal Scale-cognitive subscale, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 and sleep diary.
resultsSignificant correlations were found between GSES and related measures in both groups. Principal component analysis indicated a single component accounted for 64.77% of total variance in the clinical group. Results of the fit estimates for the one-factor model were consistent with the previously specified fit criteria and adequately fitted the data in the non-clinical group. Statistical analyses showed that the GSES has acceptable internal consistency in terms of Cronbach's Alpha in the clinical (0.75) and non-clinical (0.77) samples. Test-retest reliability for a 4-week interval was significant (r = 0.70). The cut-off point, sensitivity, and specificity of the scale were 6, 85% and 94.5%, respectively.
conclusionThe Persian translated and validated version of the GSES obtained adequate values in psychometric properties in both clinical and non-clinical samples and it can be used for research and clinical purposes in Iran.
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