ArticleStroke2021
Microglial Calcium Waves During the Hyperacute Phase of Ischemic Stroke.
Article in Stroke, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the causes and consequences of spreading depolarization in neuroinflammation; implications for neurovascular disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Pooled it
- Neuroplasticity After Stroke: Clinical Evidence and Its Implication for Effective Rehabilitation Strategies.Brain & NeuroRehabilitation · 2026Review
- Calcium Signaling in Macrophages During a Wound Response In Vivo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cortical spreading depolarizations in stroke: Mechanisms, neuroprotective interventions, and monitoring techniques.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Article
- Astrocytic mitochondrial transfer: a new horizon for metabolic rescue and precision therapy in ischemic stroke.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Fluorescent sensors for intracellular signaling in the brain: imaging neurons, glia, and vascular cells.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- Neurological Manifestations Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Behavioral, Neuroinflammation, Excitotoxicity, Nrf-2 and Nitric Oxide.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Impact of NF-κB Signaling and Sirtuin-1 Protein for Targeted Inflammatory Intervention.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Association between serum calcium and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke in ICU: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- A Cre-dependent reporter mouse for quantitative real-time imaging of protein kinase A activity dynamics.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Microglia sense astrocyte dysfunction and prevent disease progression in an Alexander disease model.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Electrolyte Imbalance and Neurologic Injury.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- From static to dynamic: live observation of the support system after ischemic stroke by two photon-excited fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Article
- Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induced Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction and the Involved Molecular Mechanism.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- Chemogenetic and Optogenetic Manipulations of Microglia in Chronic Pain.Neuroscience bulletin · 2023Review
- Lomerizine inhibits LPS-mediated neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation by modulating NLRP3, DYRK1A, and GSK3α/β.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Preclinical models of middle cerebral artery occlusion: new imaging approaches to a classic technique.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Visual hallucinosis during hypoperfusion of the right occipito-temporal cortex.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeIschemic injury triggers multiple pathological responses in the brain tissue, including spreading depolarizations across the cerebral cortex (cortical spreading depolarizations [CSD]). Microglia have been recently shown to play a significant role in the propagation of CSD. However, the intracellular responses of myeloid cells during ischemic stroke have not been investigated.
methodsWe have studied intracellular calcium activity in cortical microglia in the stroke model of the middle cerebral artery occlusion, using the murine Polr2a-based and Cre-dependent GCaMP5 and tdTomato reporter (PC::G5-tdT). High-speed 2-photon microscopy through cranial windows was employed to record signals from genetically encoded indicators of calcium. Inflammatory stimuli and pharmacological inhibition were used to modulate microglial calcium responses in the somatosensory cortex.
resultsIn vivo imaging revealed periodical calcium activity in microglia during the hyperacute phase of ischemic stroke. This activity was more frequent during the first 6 hours after occlusion, but the amplitudes of calcium transients became larger at later time points. Consistent with CSD nature of these events, we reproducibly triggered comparable calcium transients with microinjections of potassium chloride (KCl) into adjacent cortical areas. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide-induced peripheral inflammation, mimicking sterile inflammation during ischemic stroke, produced significantly greater microglial calcium transients during CSD. Finally, in vivo pharmacological analysis with CRAC (calcium release-activated channel) inhibitor CM-EX-137 demonstrated that CSD-associated microglial calcium transients after KCl microinjections are mediated at least in part by the CRAC mechanism.
conclusionsOur findings demonstrate that microglia participate in ischemic brain injury via previously undetected mechanisms, which may provide new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.