Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33161818›Full record

ReviewJournal of biological rhythms2021

The Circadian Clock and Viral Infections.

Helene Borrmann, Jane A McKeating, Xiaodong Zhuang

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of biological rhythms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Circadian considerations in antimicrobials.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Chronic CRYPTOCHROME deficiency enhances cell-intrinsic antiviral defences.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Chronopharmacology of AAV gene therapy in mice.microPublication biology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Helene BorrmannNuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7269-7925
Jane A McKeatingNuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Xiaodong ZhuangNuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6870-9003
University of Oxford · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council G0400802Medical Research Council G0801976Medical Research Council MR/R022011/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The circadian clock controls several aspects of mammalian physiology and orchestrates the daily oscillations of biological processes and behavior. Our circadian rhythms are driven by an endogenous central clock in the brain that synchronizes with clocks in peripheral tissues, thereby regulating our immune system and the severity of infections. These rhythms affect the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of therapeutic agents and vaccines. The core circadian regulatory circuits and clock-regulated host pathways provide fertile ground to identify novel antiviral therapies. An increased understanding of the role circadian systems play in regulating virus infection and the host response to the virus will inform our clinical management of these diseases. This review provides an overview of the experimental and clinical evidence reporting on the interplay between the circadian clock and viral infections, highlighting the importance of virus-clock research.

Indexed as

AnimalsCircadian ClocksCircadian RhythmCLOCK ProteinsGene ExpressionHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansVirus DiseasesVirusesVirus ReplicationCLOCK Proteinscircadian rhythmCOVID-19virologyvirus-clockviruses

Identifiers

PMID33161818
PMCPMC7924106
OpenAlexW3093759833

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.