ArticleAcademic pediatrics2021
Infant Television Watching Predicts Toddler Television Watching in a Low-Income Population.
Article in Academic pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Multimethod Evaluation of the Futuros Fuertes Intervention to Promote Healthy Feeding, Screen Time, and Sleep Practices.Academic pediatricsTrial
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Maternal Social Support and Relationship to Mother-Infant Health Behaviors.Academic pediatricsTrial
- Spatial-Structural Disparities in Acute Care Accessibility Among Latin American Immigrants and Spanish Speakers in the Rural US South.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Bidirectional relationships of parenting stress, media use for behavior management, and children's behavior problems from 9 to 30 months.Developmental psychology · 2026Article
- Young children's screen time, executive functions, and language development: Longitudinal moderation of parent/child coviewing and media content.Developmental psychology · 2026Article
- Patient and Caregiver Perspectives on Language Access in Two St. Louis Emergency Departments.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Caregivers' perceptions of digital screen use by children from different strata of social vulnerability.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2026Article
- Screen-Related Parenting Practices in Mexican American Families with Toddlers: Development of Culturally- and Contextually-Relevant Scales.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Television Time, Especially During Meals, Is Associated With Less Healthy Dietary Practices in Toddlers.Academic pediatrics · 2024Article
- The 7-day Beverage Intake Questionnaire for Latino Children: Validation of a Culturally Tailored Tool.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2023Article
- Correlates of screen time in the early years (0-5 years): A systematic review.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Review
- Feeding, television, and sleep behaviors at one year of age in a diverse sample.Obesity pillars · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study examines the development of active television (TV) watching behaviors across the first 2 years of life in a racially and ethnically diverse, low-income cohort and identifies caregiver and child predictors of early TV watching.
methodsWe used longitudinal data from infants enrolled in the active control group (N = 235; 39% Latino; 29% Black; 15% White) of Greenlight, a cluster randomized multisite trial to prevent childhood obesity. At preventive health visits from 2 months to 2 years, caregivers were asked: "How much time does [child's first name] spend watching television each day?" Proportional odds models and linear regression analyses were used to assess associations among TV introduction age, active TV watching amount at 2 years, and sociodemographic factors.
resultsSixty-eight percent of children watched TV by 6 months, and 88% by 2 years. Age of TV introduction predicted amount of daily active TV watching at 2 years, with a mean time of 93 minutes if starting at 2 months; 64 minutes if starting at 4 or 6 months; and 42 minutes if starting after 6 months. Factors predicting earlier introduction included lower income, fewer children in household, care away from home, male sex, and non-Latino ethnicity of child.
conclusionsMany caregivers report that their infants actively watch TV in the first 6 months of life. Earlier TV watching is related to sociodemographic factors yet predicts more daily TV watching at 2 years even controlling those factors. Interventions to limit early TV watching should be initiated in infancy.
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