ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2021
Area-Level Predictors of Tobacco 21 Coverage in the U.S. Before the National Law: Exploring Potential Disparities.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between county-level e-cigarette-inclusive Tobacco 21 law population coverage and e-cigarette use behaviors among United States adolescents in Monitoring the Future.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- State Preemption and Local Tobacco Control: Constraints and Opportunities for Innovation in the US.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- US Tobacco 21 Policies and Potential Mortality Reductions by State.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- Interaction Between State-Level Cigarette Prices and County-Level Tobacco 21 Coverage on Cigarette Smoking Outcomes Among US Adolescents.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2024Article
- Patterns, clusters, and transitions in U.S. state ENDS policy implementation: 2010-2020.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Strengthening Tobacco 21 implementation and enforcement to reduce tobacco-related health disparities: A stakeholder engagement project.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2023Article
- The health and economic impact of the Tobacco 21 Law in El Paso County, Texas: A modeling study.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Tobacco 21 laws may reduce smoking and tobacco-related health disparities among youth in the U.S.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Exploring How Exposure to Truth and State-Sponsored Anti-Tobacco Media Campaigns Affect Smoking Disparities among Young Adults Using a National Longitudinal Dataset, 2002-2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Association of Socioeconomic Disadvantage With Mortality and Readmissions Among Older Adults Hospitalized for Pulmonary Embolism in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Geographical distribution and social determinants of Tobacco 21 policy adoption and retail inspections in the United States, 2015-2019.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe goal of the paper is to characterize the geographic and sociodemographic patterns of policies prohibiting tobacco sales to people aged <21 years (i.e., Tobacco 21) at the local, county, and state levels in the U.S. before the national law.
methodsThis study assessed area-level markers for region, race/ethnicity, education, poverty status, and smoke-free law coverage as predictors of Tobacco 21 passage as of December 20, 2019, using modified Poisson and negative binomial regression models with robust SEs. Data were analyzed in 2020.
resultsBefore the passage of the national policy, 191 million people were covered by Tobacco 21 laws. Counties with higher percentages of non-Hispanic Blacks and individuals living below the poverty line had a lower probability of coverage, whereas counties with higher percentages of Hispanics/Latinxs and individuals with a college degree had a higher probability of coverage. Tobacco 21 coverage also varied by region, with far greater coverage in the Northeast than in the Midwest and South.
conclusionsThe national Tobacco 21 law may address disparities in coverage by SES, race/ethnicity, and region that could have lasting implications with regard to health equity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.