Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33160366›Full record

ArticleInternational breastfeeding journal2020

Work and breast milk feeding: a qualitative exploration of the experience of lactating mothers working in ready made garments factories in urban Bangladesh.

A M Rumayan Hasan, George Smith, Mohammad Abdus Selim, Shahinoor Akter, Nazib Uz Zaman Khan, Tamanna Sharmin, Sabrina Rasheed

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In one paragraph

Article in International breastfeeding journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Article
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  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Between and Within-Country Variations in Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in South Asia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
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  12. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

A M Rumayan HasanHealth Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), icddr,b, Universal Health Coverage, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
George SmithFragments Magazine, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Abdus SelimHealth Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), icddr,b, Universal Health Coverage, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
Shahinoor AkterFaculty of Health and Medicine, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
Nazib Uz Zaman KhanSchools of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia.
Tamanna SharminMonitoring Evaluation Research and Learning (MERL), Plan International, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sabrina RasheedHealth Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), icddr,b, Universal Health Coverage, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. sabrina1@icddrb.org.ORCID 0000-0002-7444-200X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn Bangladesh 65% of children under 6 months of age were exclusively breastfed with maternal employment being a risk factor that has jeopardized exclusive breastfeeding. As Ready Made Garment (RMG) factories have been the largest employer of low income women in Bangladesh, the objective of our study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of breastfeeding and perceptions about use of expressed breast milk among mothers who worked in the RMG sector.

methodsThis formative research was conducted during July-September 2015 in two slums of Dhaka among RMG workers who were mothers and the caregivers of 0-12 month old infants. Qualitative data was obtained from purposively selected participants of 8 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions (mothers and caregivers), and 2 key informant (RMG factory official) interviews. Mothers were from multiple RMG factories while factory officials were from a single factory. Thematic analysis was conducted.

resultsThe main themes of qualitative exploration were knowledge and experience of breastfeeding; structural barriers (home and workplace); consequences of inadequate breastfeeding; and perception and experience of using expressed breast milk. Despite knowledge both of the benefits of breast milk and of the importance of breastfeeding for 6 months, most mothers introduced formula as early as 2 months to prepare for their return to work. Barriers such as excessive workload, inadequate crèche facilities at work, and lack of adequate caregivers at home impeded exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers and caregivers had very little knowledge about the use of expressed breast milk and were concerned about contamination.

conclusionAs RMG factories are the largest employer of low-income women in Bangladesh, facilitating RMG factory working mothers' ability to use breast milk could help to promote infant health and help women remain in the workforce.

Indexed as

BangladeshBreast FeedingFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLactationMothersQualitative ResearchUrban PopulationWomen, WorkingWorkBangladeshBarriersBreastfeedingExpressed breast milkFormative researchRMG sectorWorking women

Identifiers

PMID33160366
PMCPMC7648991

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.