ArticleArchives of toxicology2021
Acute, reproductive, and developmental toxicity of essential oils assessed with alternative in vitro and in vivo systems.
Article in Archives of toxicology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemical Profiling, Molecular Docking, and Mechanistic Anticancer Activity ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Red Pine Oil in Sprague-Dawley Rats: Safety Profiling for Potential Therapeutic Use.Journal of toxicology · 2026Article
- Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents Against WHO Priority Bacterial Pathogens: A Strategic Review of In Vitro Clinical Efficacy, Innovations and Research Gaps.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Essential Oils and Cultural Heritage Conservation: Are They Safe, Environmentally Friendly, Sustainable, and Negligibly Toxic?Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A phytotherapeutic approach to hinder the resistance against clindamycin by MRSA:Future science OA · 2025Article
- Integrative Toxicology Profiling ofFood science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Phytochemicals: Essential Oils and Other Extracts for Disease Prevention and Growth Enhancement in Aquaculture: Challenges and Opportunities.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Exploring the Bioactive Potential and Chemical Profile ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Harnessing essential oils for sustainable food preservatives: Chemical composition, mechanisms, applications, and safety insights.Food chemistry: X · 2025Review
- Toxicity and safety of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): a comprehensive review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Hepatorenal protective effects of essential oils against chemical overexposure induced oxidative damage.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Hydrogel ContainingGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Analysis of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Toxicity of Essential Oil fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- In vitro larvicidal efficacy of Lantana camara essential oil and its nanoemulsion and enzyme inhibition kinetics against Anopheles culicifacies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Metabolite profiling of four TunisianHeliyon · 2023Article
- New Weapons to Fight againstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Progress and promise of alternative animal and non-animal methods in biomedical research.Archives of toxicology · 2023Review
- Mediterranean Plants as Potential Source of Biopesticides: An Overview of Current Research and Future Trends.Metabolites · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have attracted increased interest for different applications such as food preservatives, feed additives and ingredients in cosmetics. Due to their reported variable composition of components, they might be acutely toxic to humans and animals in small amounts. Despite the necessity, rigorous toxicity testing in terms of safety evaluation has not been reported so far, especially using alternatives to animal models. Here, we provide a strategy by use of alternative in vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans, hen's egg test) approaches for detailed investigation of the impact of commonly used rosemary, citrus and eucalyptus essential oil on acute, developmental and reproductive toxicity as well as on mucous membrane irritation. In general, all EOs under study exhibited a comparable impact on measured parameters, with a slightly increased toxic potential of rosemary oil. In vitro cell culture results indicated a concentration-dependent decrease of cell viability for all EOs, with mean IC
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.