ArticleCancer science2021
Expression of human leukocyte antigen class I and β2-microglobulin in colorectal cancer and its prognostic impact.
Article in Cancer science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer stem cell plasticity: mechanisms, immune microenvironment crosstalk, and therapeutic implications.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Biomarker guided combination strategies and perioperative integration for immune cold microsatellite stable colorectal cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- β2-Microglobulin Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction Accompanied by Bronchial Epithelial Cell Senescence.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Defects in antigen processing and presentation: mechanisms, immune evasion and implications for cancer vaccine development.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- A bibliometric analysis of immune escape in colorectal cancer: research trends, key contributors, and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Exploring Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Pharmacological induction of MHC-I expression in tumor cells revitalizes T cell antitumor immunity.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Serum beta2-microglobulin and peripheral blood eosinophils for the assessment of severity and prognosis with omicron variant COVID-19 infection.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Immune microenvironment and lymph node yield in colorectal cancer.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Elevated serum beta-2 microglobulin level predicts short-term poor prognosis of patients withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Expression of HLA class I is associated with immune cell infiltration and patient outcome in breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Deregulation of HLA-I in cancer and its central importance for immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Review
- Expression of human leukocyte antigen class I and β2-microglobulin in colorectal cancer and its prognostic impact.Cancer science · 2021Article
- Cancer Immune Evasion Through Loss of MHC Class I Antigen Presentation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I has been postulated to be a mechanism of adaptive immune escape in various tumors, especially microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to investigate HLA class I and β2-microglobulin (β2M) expression in MSI-H and microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRCs and determine its prognostic impact. The representative areas from the tumor center (TC) and tumor periphery (TP) from 300 CRCs, including 161 MSI-H and 139 MSS cases, were selected to construct a tissue microarray. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HLA A/B/C, β2M, CD3, and CD8 was performed. Reduced HLA A/B/C expression was detected in 113 (70.2%) MSI-H and 54 (38.8%) MSS cases, while reduced β2M expression was observed in 69 (42.9%) MSI-H and 17 (12.2%) MSS cases. Although reduced β2M expression was associated with higher pathological tumor (pT) stage in MSI-H CRC with borderline significance, no association was found between HLA A/B/C and β2M expression and survival. Interestingly, reduced HLA A/B/C expression in MSS was associated with higher stage, and reduced HLA A/B/C and β2M expression was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, reduced HLA A/B/C and β2M expression was frequently observed in immunotherapy-naive MSI-H CRC, suggesting the possibility of primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor. Interestingly, downregulation of HLA A/B/C and β2M was associated with poor prognosis in MSS cancers. Overall, IHC for HLA A/B/C and β2M might be a feasible predictive or prognostic tool in CRC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.